SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

'ABD AL-WAHHAB, HASAN HUSNI. Khuldsat ta'rIkh Tuunis. Tunis, 1953.

'ABD EL-JALIL, JEAN M. Breve Histoire de la litterature arabe. Paris, 1947. Cf. pp. 215-16, 284-85.

ABDU-R RAHMAN, SHAMS AL-ULEM V, tr. See ALLAHABAD.

ADAMS, CHARLES CLARENCE. Islam and Modernism in Egypt. London, 1933.

ADIVAR, ABDULHAK ADNAN. ^"Ibn Haldun" in Islam Ansiklopedisi. Istanbul, 1943         Cf. fasc. 47, pp. 738-43.

AHMAD BABA B. AHMAD AT-TINBUKTI..N'ayl al-ibtihaj bi-tatriz ad­dibaj. Fez, 1903. Cf. pp. 143-45.

AIMED JEVDET, tr. See PIRI ZADEH.

ALATAS, HUSAIN. "Objectivity and the Writing of History: The Conceptions of History by Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun ... ," The Islamic Review (Woking), XLII (1954), no. 1. Cf. pp. 11-14.

'ALI PASHA MUBARAK. al-Khitat al jadidah at-Tawfiqiyah. Bulaq, 1305 [1887/88]. Cf. vol. xiv, pp. 5-6.

ALLAHABAD, AHMAD HUSAIN, and ABDU-R RAHMAN, SHAMS AL­ULEMA', trs. Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah. Lahore, 1924-1932. 3 vols. Urdu translation.

ALTAMIRA Y CREVEA, RAFAEL. ^"Notas sobre la doctrina historica de Abenjaldun" in Homenaje a D. Francisco Codera. Saragossa, 1904, Cf. pp. 857-74.

AMARI, MICHELE. Bibliotheca Arabo-Sicula. Vol. I, Lipsia [Leipzig], 1857 (Arabic texts); Ippendice (1875); Seconda Appendice (1887). Cf. pp. 460-508 and Appendices.

AMARI, MICHELE. Bibliotheca Arabo-Sicula. Vol. II, Turin and Rome, 1880-1881. 2 vols. in 1. Cf. pp. 163-243, 719-20.

AMARI, MICHELE. "Altri frammenti arabi relativi alla Storia d'Italia," Atti della R..1ccademia dei Lincei, Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche (Rome), 4 ser., vi (1889), 5-31.

AMMAR, ABBAS M. "Ibn Khaldun's Prolegomena to History. The Views of a Muslim Thinker of the 14th Century on the Devel­opment of Human Society." Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge University, 1941.

ANAWATI, M. M. See GARDET (2).

ANESI, 'ALI NOREDDIN AL-. "Il pensiero economico di Ibn Khaldun," Rivista delle Colonie Italiane (Rome), vi (1932),112­27.

ARENDONK, CORNELIS VAN. "Ibn Khaldun" in Encyclopaedia of Islam (q.v.). Cf. Supplement, p. 91.

ARNOLD, SIR THOMAS WALKER. The Caliphate. Oxford, 1924.

ARNOLD, SIR THOMAS WALKER and GUILLAUME, ALFRED, eds. See GUILLAUME (3).

ARRI, G. DI ASTI. Ebn Khaldoun da Tunisi: Storia generale degli Arabi e di alcuni celebri popoli loro contemporanei dalla loro origine fino al Kalifato di Moavia. Paris, 1840.

ARSLAN, SHAKIB, EMIR, ed. Ta'rikh Ibn Khaldun al-musammd bi­Kitab al-'Ibar. See IBN KHALDUN (3).

ASTRE, GEORGES ALBERT. "Un Precurseur de la sociologie au XIV° siecle: Ibn Khaldoun" in L'Islam et l'Occident. Paris, 1947. Cf. pp. 131-50.

AWA, ADEL. L'Esprit critique des' freres de la purete." Beirut, 1948.

'AYAD, MOHAMMED KAMIL. "Die Anfange der muslimischen Geschichtsforschung" in Geist and Gesellschaft: Kurt Breysig zu seinem 60. Geburtstag. Breslau, n.d. [1928]. 3 vols. Cf. Vol. in, Vom Denken fiber Geschichte, pp. 35-48.

'AYAD, MOHAMMED KAMIL. Die Geschichts- and Gesellschaftslehre Ibn Ijalduns. For­schungen zur Geschichts- and Gesellschaftslehre, 2. Stuttgart and Berlin, 1930.

'AYAD, MOHAMMED KAMIL. "Ibni HaIdun's Kadar Islamda Tarih," Is Mecmuasi (Istanbul), 1938, no. 14, pp. 24-36, 76-79.

'AYAD, MOHAMMED KAMIL and SALIBA, JAMIL. See SALIBA.

BABINGER, FRANZ CARL HEINRICH. Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen and ihre Werke. Leipzig, 1927. Cf. pp. 212, 282, 369, 379.

BACHER, WILHELM. "Bibel and Biblische Geschichte in der muham­medanischen Literatur," Jeschurun (Bamberg), Ix (1872), 18-47.

BAMMATE, HAIDAR. Visages de l'Islam. Lausanne, 1946. Cf. pp. 175-79.

BARGES, JEAN JOSEPH LEANDRE. "Lettre sur un ouvrage inedit attribue a l'historien arabe Ibn Khaldoun," Journal asiatique (Paris), 3 ser., xII (1841), 483-91.

BARNES, HARRY ELMER. "Sociology before Comte," American Journal of Sociology (Chicago), xxIII, no. 2 (Sept., 1917), 197­98.

BARNES, HARRY ELMER.  A History of Historical Writing. Norman [Okla.], 1937. Cf. pp. 94-96.

BARNES, HARRY ELMER and BECKER, HOWARD. Social Thought from Lore to Science. 2d ed. Washington, 1952. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 266-79, 706-8.

BARTHOLD, VASILII VLADIMIROVICH. Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion. E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, N.S. v. London, 1928. Cf. pp. 3-4.

BARTHOLD, VASILII VLADIMIROVICH. Mussulman Culture. Calcutta, 1934. Tr. Shahid Suhrawardy. Cf. pp. 66-68.

BARTHOLD, VASILII VLADIMIROVICH. La Decouverte de l'Asie: histoire de l'orientalisme en Europe et en Russie. Tr. B. Nikitine. Paris, 1947. Cf. pp. 29-31.

BAUMSTARK, ANTON. "Der Bibelkanon bei Ibn Chaldun," Oriens Christianus (Rome), IV (1904), 393-98.

BECKER, CARL HEINRICH. ^"Altester geschichtlicher Beleg fur die afrikanische Schlafkrankheit," Der Islam (Strassburg), I (1910). Cf. pp. 197-98. (See also Islamstudien [Leipzig], II [1932], 149-50.)

BECKER, HOWARD. See BARNES (3).

BEL, ALFRED. "Ibn Khaldun" in Encyclopaedia of Islam (q.v.). Cf. II, 395-96.

BELIAEV, EVGENII ALEKSANDROVICH. ^"Istoriko-sotsiologicheskaia teoriia Ibn-Khalduna," Istorik Marksist (Moscow), no. 4-5 (1940), 78-84.

BEN CHENEB, MOHAMMED. ^"Etude sur les personnages mentionnes dans I'Idjaza du cheikh 'Abd El Qadir el Fasy" in Actes du XIV­Congres International des Orientalistes. Algiers, 1905; Paris, 1908. 3 pts. Cf. pt. III, sect. 335, pp. 512-15.

BERCHER, LEON. Initiation a la Tunisie. Paris, 1950. Cf. pp. 191-92. and SURDON, G., trs. See SURDON.

BERGH, SIMON VAN DEN. Umriss der muhammedanischen Wissen­schaften nach Ibn Haldun. Leiden, 1912.

BJORKMAN, WALTHER. Beitrage zur Geschichte der Staatskanzlei im islamischen Agypten. Hamburg, 1928.

BOER, TJITZE J. DE. The History of Philosophy in Islam. London, 1903. Cf. pp. 200-208

Bolshaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia. Moscow, 1950, Cf. XVII, 259, s.v. "Ibn Khaldun."

BOMBACI, ALESSIO. "La dottrina storiografica di Ibn Haldun," Annali dells Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, xv (1946), 159-85.

BOMBACI, ALESSIO. "Postille alla traduzione De Slane della Muqaddimah di Ibn Haldun," Annali dell'Istituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli (Naples), N.S. III (1949), 439-72.

BOSCH, KHEIRALLAH G. "Ibn Khaldun on Evolution," The Islamic Review (Woking), xxxvin (1950), no. 5, p. 26.

BOUSQUET, GEORGES HENRI. Le Droit musulman par les textes. Algiers, 1947. Cf. pp. 93-95.

BOUSQUET, GEORGES HENRI. L'Islam Maghrebin. 4th ed. Algiers, 1954.

BOUTHOUL, GASTON. Ibn-Khaldoun: sa philosophie sociale. Paris, 1930.

BOUTHOUL, GASTON. . "L'Esprit de corps selon Ibn Khaldoun," Revue inter­nationale de Sociologie (Paris), XL (1932), 217-21.

BOUTHOUL, GASTON. . Preface to 2d (reprint) ed. of Les Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khal­doun. . . . Paris, 1934-1938. Cf. I, pp. vii-xxiv. See SLANE (7).

BOUTHOUL, GASTON. Traite de Sociologie: Les Guerres. Paris, 1951. Cf. pp. 388­91.

BOUVAT, LucIEN. L'Empire mongol. Paris, 1927. Cf. pp. 6-7.

BROCKELMANN, CARL. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur. Vol. 1, Weimar, 1898; vol. ii, Berlin, 1902 (in 3 pts). Cf. 11, 242-45.

BROCKELMANN, CARL. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur.. 2d ed. Vol. I, Leiden, 1943; Vol. 11, 1944­1949 (6 sects in 3 fascicules). Cf. 11, 314-17.

BROCKELMANN, CARL. Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur.. Supplementbande. Vol. I, Leiden, 1937; vol. II, 1938; vol. 111, 1942 (23 sects in 11 fascicules). Cf. II, 342-44.

BROCKELMANN, CARL.. History of the Islamic Peoples. New York, 1947.

BROWNE, EDWARD GRANVILLE. A Literary History of Persia. London and Cambridge, 1902-1924. 4 vols. Cf. II, 86-89; 111, 412; iv, passim.

BRUNSCHVIG, ROBERT. La Berberie orientale sous lesHafsides des origines a la fin du XV- siecle. Paris, 1940-1947. 2 vols. Cf. 11, 385-94.

BRUNSCHVIG, ROBERT and PERES, HENRI. See PERES (4).

BUKHSH, SALAHUDDIN KHUDA. "Ibn Khaldun and his History of Islamic Civilization," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), 1 (1927), 567-607.

BUKHSH, SALAHUDDIN KHUDA, tr. Contributions to the History of Islamic Civilization. Cal­cutta, 1929-1930. 2 vols. Cf. n, 201-60; for original, see KRE­MER.

BURET, L. "Un Pedagogue arabe du XIV' siecle: Ibn Khaldun," Revue Tunisienne (Tunis), v (1934), 23-32.

BUSTANI, BUTRUS AL-. Da'irat al-ma'arif. Beirut, 1876-1900. 11, vols. Cf. 1, 460-68.

BUSTANI, FUAD IFRAM AL-. "Ibn Khaldun: Extracts from the Prolegomena," ar-Rawa'i (Beirut), 1927, no. 13.

CAHEN, CLAUDE. La Syrie du Nord. Paris, 1940. Cf. pp. 84-85.

CAHUN, LEON. Introduction a l'histoire de l'Asie: Turcs et Mongols. Paris, 1896. Cf. pp. 495-97.

CANARD, MARIUS. "Les Relations entre les Merinides et les Mamelouks au XVI° siecle," Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes Orien­tales (Algiers), v (1939-1941), 41-81.

CARO BAROJA, JULIO. "El Poder Real, segun Aben Jaldun," Africa (Madrid), xii (1955), no. 161, pp. 212-14.

CARO BAROJA, JULIO.. "Aben Jaldun y la ciudad musulmana," ibid., xii (1955), no. 167, pp. 484-88.

CARRA DE VAUX, BERNARD, BARON. Les Penseurs de I'Islam. Paris, 1921-1926. 5 vols. Cf. 1, 278-93.

CASANOVA, PAUL. "La Malhamat dans l'Islam primitif," Revue de l'Histoire des Religions (Paris), LXI (1910), 151-61.

CASANOVA, PAUL. Mohammed et la fin du monde. Paris, 1911. Cf. pp. 45 ff, 133 ff.

CASANOVA, PAUL. See SLANE (5).

CHAIR-RUY, JULES. ^"Sociologfa y psicologfa de la vida social en la Obra de Ibn Jaldun," Revista Mexicana de Sociologia (Mexico), xxi (1954), no. 4, pp. 7-22.

COLOSIO, STEFANO. ^"Contribution a 1'etude d'Ibn Khaldoun," Revue du Monde Musulman (Paris), xxvi (1914), 318-38.

COOK, STANLEY ARTHUR. "The Semites: The Writing of History" in The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press: New York, 1923-1951. 12 vols. Cf. 1, 223-25.

COQUEBERT DE MONTBRET FILS, E. "Extraits des Prolegomenes historiques d'Ibn-Khaldoun," Journal asiatique (Paris), 1 ser., v (1824), 148-56; vi (1825), 106-13; x (1827), 3-19.

CROZAT, CHARLES. Amme Hukuku Dersleri. Istanbul, 1944-1946. 2 vols.

Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Islamiyah. [Arabic translation of Encyclopaedia of Islam.] Cairo, 1934. Cf. Vol. L, fasc. 3, pp. 152-55.

DAGHIR, JOSEPH A. Masadir ad-dirasah al-adabiyah. Saida, 1950.

DARBISHIRE, ROBERT S. "The Philosophical Rapprochement of Christendom and Islam in Accordance with Ibn Khaldun's Scientific Criticism," The Moslem World (Hartford), xxx (1940),226-35.

DELVAILLE, JULES. Essai sur l'histoire de l'idee de progres. Paris, 1910. Cf. p. 115.

DERMENGHEM, EMILE. Les Plus Beaux Textes arabes. Paris, 1951. Cf. pp. 209-15, 225-30.

Di MATTEO, IGNAZIO. "It 'tahrif' od alterazione delta Bibbia secondo i musulmani," Bessarione (Rome), xxvi (1922). Cf. pp. 242-43.

DONALDSON, DWIGHT M. "The Shiah Doctrine of the Imamate," The Moslem World (Hartford), xxi (1931), 14-23. DOUTTE, EDMOND. Magie et religion dans l'Afrique du Nord. Algiers, 1909.

DOVER, CEDRIC. "The Racial Philosophy of Ibn Khaldun," Phylon (The Atlanta [Georgia] University), xiii (1952), 107-19.

DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE. Historia Abbadidarum: praemissis scriptorum Arabum de ea dynastia locis nunc primum editis. Lugduni [Leiden], 1846. Vols. H (1852) and in (1863), Scriptorum Arabum loci de Abbadidis. Cf. Ii, 206-16; in, 235-36.

DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE. ed. See MAQQARI (3).

DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE.Review Of IBN KHALDUN (4) and SLANE (6), q.v., Journal asiatique (Paris), 6 ser., xiv (1869), 133-218.

DOZY, REINHART PIETER ANNE.. Recherches sur l'histoire et la litterature de 1'Espagne pendant le Moyen Age. 3d ed. Leiden, 1881. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 89-116 and Appendices.

DUBLER, CESAR EMIL. "Fuentes arabes y bizantinas en la Primera Cronica General, Intercambios cristiano-islamicos," Vox Romanica (Bern), xii (1951). Cf. pp. 120-22.

ENAN, MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH. Falsafat Ibn Khaldun al-ijtima'iyah. Cairo, 1925. For originals, see HUSAIN, WESENDONK.

ENAN, MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH. Ibn Khaldun:Hayatuhu wa-turathuhu al fikri. Cairo, 1933.

ENAN, MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH. Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1939.

ENAN, MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH. Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Work. Lahore, 1941; reprinted 1944; 2d ed., 1946.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago, London, and Toronto, 1950. 24 vols. Cf. xn, 34, s.v. "Ibn Khaldun."

Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden and London, 1913-1934. 4 vols. Supplement (in 5 pts.), 1934^-1938. See ARENDONK, BEL, GIBB (3), MACDONALD (4).

Encyclopedia Americana. New York and Chicago, 195 1. 30 vols. Cf.xiv, 617, s.v. "Ibn Khaldun."

EZZAT, ABDULAZ1Z. Ibn-Khaldoun et sa science sociale. Cairo, 1947.

FARRUKH, 'UMAR. Ibn Khaldun wa-Muqaddimatuhu. Beirut, 1943; 2d ed., 1951.

FARRUKH, 'UMAR. . "Dirasat 'an Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun," Revue de l'Academie Arabe (Damascus), xxix (1954), 67-76, 203-14.

FARRUKH, 'UMAR. . The Arab Genius in Science and Philosophy. The American Council of Learned Societies: Near East Translation Program, Publication 10. Tr. John B. Hardie. Washington, 1954.

FERRAND, GABRIEL. Relations de voyages et textes geographiques . . . relatifs a 1'Extreme-Orient du VIII` au XVIII' siecles. Paris, 1913-1914. 2 vols. Cf. 11, 459-61.

FERRERO, GUGLIEMO. "Un sociologo arabo del secolo XIV: Ibn Kaldoun, La Riforma sociale (Turin), vi (1896), 221-35.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI. "Ibn Haldun'un hayati ve fikirleri, Ibni Haldun ve Felsefesi," Is Mecmuasi (Istanbul), 1939-1940 et seq.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI "Les Theories de la connaissance et de I'histoire chez Ibn Haldun" in Proceedings of the i0th International Congress of Philosophy. Amsterdam, 1949. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 274-76.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI. La Conception de l'histoire et la theorie methodologique chez Ibn Khaldoun. Ucler Basimeve, Genglik Kitabevi ne§riyati. Ictimai eserler serisi, ix. Istanbul, 1951.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI. "Turklyede Ibn Haldunizm" in Fuad Koprulu Armagani. Istanbul, 1953. Cf. pp. 153-63.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI and ULKEN, HILMI ZIYA. See ULKEN (2).

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun and Timur" in Actes du XXI' Congres International des Orientalistes. Paris, 1949. Cf. pp. 286-87.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun and Timur" in Bulletin des etudes arabes (Algiers), 1950, no. 47, p. 61.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun's Activities in Mamluk Egypt (1382­1406)" in Semitic and Oriental Studies Presented to William Popper. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1951. Cf. pp. 102-24.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane: Their Historic Meeting in Da­mascus, A.D. 1401 (803 A.H.). A study based on Arabic Manu­scripts of Ibn Khaldun's "Autobiography," with a translation into English, and a commentary. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1952. For Persian translation, see NAFISI (2).

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "The Biography of Ibn Khaldun" in Yearbook: The Ameri­can Philosophical Society: 1953. Philadelphia, 1954. Cf. pp. 240­41.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. Ibn Khaldun's Use of Jewish and Christian Sources" in Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Orientalists. Cambridge, 1954. Cf. pp. 332-33.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun and Josippon" in Homenaje a Millas-V'alli­crosa. Barcelona, 1954-1956. 2 vols. Cf. I, 587-98.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun's 'Autobiography' in the Light of External Arabic Sources" in Studi orientalistici in onore di Giorgio Levi Della rida. Rome, 1956. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 287-308.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun's Sources for the History of Jenghiz Khan and the Tatars," Journal of the American Oriental Society (Bal­timore), Lxxvl (1956), 91-99.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun: On the Bible, Judaism and Jews" in Ignace Goldziher Memorial Volume. Budapest, 1948; Jerusalem, 1956. Cf. 11, 147-71.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "A New Latin Source on Tamerlane's Conquest of Damascus (1400/1401): B. de Mignanelli's Vita Tamerlani (1416), Translated into English with an Introduction and a Commentary," Oriens (Leiden), Ix (1956), 201-232.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun's Contribution to Comparative Religion" in University of California Publications in Semitic Philology (Berkeley and Los Angeles), in press.

FLINT, ROBERT. History of the Philosophy of History in France, Bel­gium, and Switzerland. Edinburgh, 1893. Cf. pp. 157-70.

FLUGEL, GUSTAV LEBERECHT. "Ibn Chaldun" in Allgemeine En­cyclopadie der Wissenschaften and Kunste, eds. Ersch and Gruber. Leipzig, 1818-1850. 3 sects in 99, 43, and 25 pts. Cf. sect. 2, pt. 15, pp. 26-28.

FORRER, LUDWIG. See SPULER (2).

FRANK, HERMAN. Beitrag zur Erkenntniss des Sufismus nach Ibn Haldun. Inaugural-Dissertation. Leipzig, 1884.

FREYTAG, GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH. Chrestomathia Arabica grammatica historica. Bonn, 1834. Cf. pp. 150-82.

GABRIELI, FRANCESCO. "Il concetto della 'asabiyya nel pensiero storico di Ibn Ualdun," Atti della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (Turin), LXV (1930), 473-512.

GABRIELI, FRANCESCO. . Storia della letteratura araba. Milan, 1951. Cf. pp. 263-65.

GABRIELI, GIUSEPPE. "Saggio di bibliografia e concordanza della storia di Ibn ljaldun," Rivista degli studi orientali (Rome), x (1924),169-211.

GARCIN DE TASSY, JOSEPH HELIODORE SAGESSE VERTU. "Supple­ment a la Notice de M. de Hammer, sur 1'Introduction a la con­naissance de l'Histoire, celebre ouvrage arabe d'Ibn Khale­doun," Journal asiatique (Paris), I ser., iv (1824), 158-61.

GARDET, LOUIS. La Cite musulmane: Vie sociale et politique. Paris, 1954.

GARDET, LOUIS and ANAWATI, M. M. "La Place du Kalam d'apres Ibn Khaldun" in Introduction a la theologie musulmane. Paris, 1948. Cf. pp. 121-24 and passim.

GAUDEFROY-DEMOMBYNES, MAURICE. "Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Benou'l-Ahmar, rois de Grenade," Journal asiatique (Paris), 9 ser., xii (1898), 309-40, 407-62.

GAUTIER, EMILE FEUX. "Un Passage d'Ibn Khaldoun et du Bayan," Hesperis (Paris), XLI (1924), 305-12.

GAUTIER, EMILE FEUX. L'Islamisation de l'Afrique du Nord: Les siecles obscurs du Maghreb. Paris, 1927. See MARGAIS, WILLIAM.

GAUTIER, EMILE FEUX. Meeurs et coutumes des Musulmans. Paris, 1931.

GAYANGOS, PASCUAL DE, tr. See MAQQAR? (2).

GIBB, HAMILTON ALEXANDER ROSSKEEN. Arabic Literature. Oxford, 1926. Cf. pp. 112-13.

GIBB, HAMILTON ALEXANDER ROSSKEEN. "The Islamic Background of Ibn Khaldun's Political Theory," Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies (London), vii (1933-1935),23-31.

GIBB, HAMILTON ALEXANDER ROSSKEEN. "Ta'rikh" in Encyclopaedia of Islam (q.v.). Cf. Supplement, pp. 233-45.

GIBB, HAMILTON ALEXANDER ROSSKEEN. Modern Trends in Islam. Chicago, 1947.

GIESECKE, HEINZ HELMUT. Das Werk des 'Aziz b. `Ardassir Astarabadi. Leipzig, 1940. Cf. pp. 114-15.

GOITEIN, SOLOMON DOB FRITZ. [Extracts from Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddima (On the Method of History).] In Hebrew, with introduction, notes, and vocabulary. Jerusalem, 1943.

GOITEIN, SOLOMON DOB FRITZ. "An Arab on Arabs: Ibn Khaldun's Views on the Arab Nation," The New East, Quarterly of the Israel Oriental Society (Jerusalem), 1 (1950), nos. 2-3, 115-21, 198-201. In He­brew; English summary in no. 3.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. "Linguistisches aus der Literatur der muham­medanischen Mystik," Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft (Leipzig), xxvi (1872). Cf. pp. 766-67.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. "Uber muhammedanische Polemik gegen Ahl al-Kitab," ibid., xxxii (1878). Cf. pp. 345, 361, 368.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. "Materialien zur Kenntnis der Almohadenbewegung in Nord-Afrika," ibid., XLI (1887), 30-140.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. Die Zahiriten. Leipzig, 1884.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. Muhammedanische Studien. Halle, 1889-1890. 2 vols in 1.

GOLDZIHER, IGNAZ. A Short History of Arabic Literature. Translated from Croatian into Hebrew by P. Shinar. Jerusalem, 1952. Cf. pp. 140-41.

GONZALEZ-PALENCIA, ANGEL. Historia de la literatura Arabigo­Espanola. 2nd ed. Barcelona, 1945. Cf. pp. 183-85.

GRABERG AF HEMSO, JAKOB GREFVE. Notizia intorno alla fimosa

GRABERG AF HEMSO, JAKOB GREFVE. Opera istorica di Ibnu Khaldun, filosofo affricano del secolo XIV. Florence, 1834.

GRABERG AF HEMSO, JAKOB GREFVE. "An Account of the Great Historical Work of the African Philosopher Ibn Khaldun," Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (London), in (1835), 387­404.

Grande Enciclopedia Portuguesa e Brasileira. Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro, 1935-1956. 33 vols. Cf. V, 488, s.v. "Caldune."

Grande Encyclopedie. Paris, 1886-1903. 31 vols. Cf. xx, 515-16, s.v. "Ibn Khaldoun."

GREEF, GUILLAUME JOSEPH DE. Le Transformisme sociale: Essai sur le progres et le regres des societes. Paris, 1901. Cf. pp. 115-18.

GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON. "as-Sakkaki: on Milieu and Thought," Journal of the American Oriental Society (Baltimore), LXV (1945). Cf. p. 62.

GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON. Medieval Islam: A Study in Cultural Orientation. 2d ed. Chicago, 1953.

GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON. "Islam: Essays in the Nature and Growth of a Cultural Tradition," The American Anthropologist (Chicago), LVII (1955).

GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON, ed. Unity and Variety in Muslim Civilization. Chicago, 1955.

GUERNIER, EUGENE LEONARD. La Berbirie, l'Islam et la France. Paris, 1950. Cf. pp. 226-35, 396-402.

GUIDI, MICHELANGELO. "Ibn Khaldun" in Enciclopedia Italiana. Rome and Milan, 1930-1950. 26 vols. and Appendices. Cf. xviiI, 682.

GUILLAUME, ALFRED. The Traditions of Islam. Oxford, 1924. Cf. pp. 89-93, 159-68.

GUILLAUME, ALFRED. "Arabian Views on Prophecy (Ibn Khaldun)" in Prophecy and Divination among the Hebrews and Other Semites. The Bampton Lectures. New York, 1938. Cf. pp. 197-213.

GUILLAUME, ALFRED and ARNOLD, SIR THOMAS WALKER, eds. The Legacy of Islam. Oxford, 1931.

GUMPLOWICZ, LUDWIG. "Ibn Chaldun, ein arabischer Sociologe des 14. Jahrhunderts" in Sociologische Essays. Innsbruck, 1899.

GUMPLOWICZ, LUDWIG. "Un Sociologue arabe du XIV* siecle" in Aperfus socio­logiques. Lyon and Paris, 1900. Cf. pp. 201-26.

HAJJI KHALIFAH, MUSTAFA B. 'ABDALLAH. Kashf az-zunun: Lexicon bibliographicum et encyclopaedicum. Ed. G. Fliigel. Leipzig and London, 1835-1858. 7 vols. Cf. II, no. 2085, p. 101 and passim.

HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON. Ober den Verfall des Islam each den ersten drei Jahrhunderten der Hidschra. Vienna, 1812.

HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON. "Description des noces de Bouran" in Fundgruben des Orients (Vienna), v (1816). Cf. p. 389.

HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON. "Extraits d'Ibn Khaledoun" in ibid., vi (1818), 301-7, 362-64.

HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON. "Notice sur l'Introduction a la connaissance de 1'histoire, Celebre Ouvrage arabe d'Ibn Khaldoun," Journal asiatique (Paris), 1 ser., 1 (1822), 267-78; Iv, 158-61.

HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH, FREIHERR VON. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Pest, 1827-1835. 10 vols. Cf. 1, 301; III, 489; VII, 253.

HAWFI, A. M. AL-. Ma' Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1952.

HERBELOT DE MOLAINVILLE, BARTHELEMY D^'. "Khaledoun" in Bibliotheque orientale, ou Dictionaire universel. . . . Paris, 1697. Cf. II, 418.

HEYWORTH-DUNN E, GAMAL-EDDINE. A Basic Bibliography on Islam.
The Muslim World Series, Iv. Cairo, 1955. Cf. pp. 28-30.

HIMSI, NAIM AL-. "al-Balagha bayn al-lafz wa-l-ma'na," Revue de l'Academie Arabe (Damascus), xxv (1950), 447-48.

HIRSCHBERG, H. Z. ["The Berber Heroine Known as the 'Ka­hena' "], Tarbiz (Jerusalem), xxvi (1967), 370-83. In He­brew.

HITTI, PHILIP KHORI. History of the Arabs. London and New York, 1951.

HOOGVLIET, MARINUS. Specimen e litteris orientalibus exhibens diversorum scriptorum locos de regia Aphtasidarum familia... .Leiden, 1839.

HORTEN, MAx. Die Philosophie des Islam. Munich, 1924.

HOSTELET, GEORGES. "Ibn Khaldoun, un precurseur arabe de la sociologie au XIV' siecle," Revue de l'Institut de Sociologie (Brussels), 1936, pp. 151-56.

HUART, CLEMENT IMBAULT. Litterature arabe. Paris, 1923. Cf. pp. 345-49.

HUSAIN, TAHA. Etude analytique et critique de la philosophie sociale d'Ibn Khaldoun. Paris, 1917. For Arabic translation, see ENAN

HUSARI, SATI AL-. Dirasah 'an Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun. Beirut, 1943-1944. 2 vols.

HUSARI, SATI AL-. "La Sociologie d'Ibn Khaldun" in Actes du XV- Congres International de Sociologie. Istanbul, 1952.

IBN AL-FURAT, NASIR AD-DIN MUHAMMAD. at-Ta'rikh. Beirut, 1936-1938. Cf. vol. ix.

IBN AL-'IMAD. Shadhardt adh-dhahab fi akhbdr man dhahab. Cairo, 1350-1351 [1931-1933]. Cf. Vol. vu, pp. 76-77.

IBN AL-KHATIB, LISAN-AD-DIN. al-Ihdtah fi akhbdr Gharndtah. Cairo, 1319 [1901]. 2 vols. See MAQQAR1 (1).

IBN 'ARABSHAH, AHMAD B. MUHAMMAD. 'Ajd'ib al-magdur fi akhbdr Timur: Ahmedis Arabsiadae, vitae et rerum gestarum Timur, qui vulgo Tamerlanes dicitur, historia. Ed. S. H. Manger. Leovardiae [Leeuwarden], 1767-1772.2 vols. Cf. ii, 62-70, 786-96. Other editions: Calcutta, 1841; Cairo, 1868. For English translation, see SANDERS.

IBN 'ARABSHAH, AHMAD B. MUHAMMAD. Kitab Fakihat al-khulafa' wa-muafkahat az-zurafa': Fructus Imperatorum. Ed. G. Freytag. Bonn, 1832-1852.2 pts in 1 vol. Cf. 1, 151; II, 94.

IBN FARHON. See AHMAD BABA.

IBN IYAS, MUHAMMAD B. AHMAD. Bada'i' az-zuhur fi waqa'i' ad­duhur. Bulaq, 1311-1312 [1893-1895]. 3 vols. Cf. Vol. I.

IBN JULJUL, AL-ANDALUSI ABO DAWOD SULAYMAN B. HASSAN. Les Generations des medecins et des sages. Ed. Fu'ad Sayyid. Cairo, 1955.

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. [History.] Kitab al-'Ibar wa-diwan al-mubtada' wa-l-khabar. Bulaq, 1284 [1867/68]. 7 vols. For partial Turkish translation, see SuBH! PASHA.

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. Histoire des Berberes et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale. Texte arabe publ. par M. de Slane. Algiers, 1847-1851. 2 vols. Corresponds to vols vi and vii of the preceding. For French translation, see SLANE (4), (5).

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN  . Ta'rikh Ibn Khaldun al-musammd bi-Kitdb al-'Ibar. Ed. Emir Shakib Arslan. Cairo, 1936. 3 vols. Corresponds to vol. ii and part of vol. iii of the Bulaq edition, plus a separate vol. of Appendices.

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN ^'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. [Muqaddimah.] Prolegomenes d'Ebn-Khaldoun. Texte Arabe par E. Quatremere. Notices et Extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Imperiale (Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), vols. xvI^-xviIi. Paris, 1858. For Urdu translation, see ALLAHABAD. Turkish, see PIRI ZADEH. French, see SLANE (6), (7). English, see ROSENTHAL, F. (4).

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN  . [Autobiography.] at-Ta'rif bi-Ibn Khaldun wa-rihlathu gharban wa-sharqan. Ed. Muhammad b. TAwit at-Tanji. Cairo, 1370 [1951]. Complete Arabic text. For French translation, see SLANE (1), (2). English, see FISCHEL (4).

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. Kitdb al-Ibar. Bulaq, 1860. 7 vols. Cf. vii, 379­462, for fragmentary Arabic text of the Autobiography.

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. Muqaddimah. Cairo, 1904. Fragmentary Arabic text of the Autobiography on the margins.

IBN KHALDON, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD-AR-RAHMAN. [Treatise on Logic.] Lubdb al-Muhassal fi" usul ad-din (de Ibn Jaldun). Ed. and tr., Fr. Luciano Rubio. Tetuan, 1952. Arabic text only has appeared.

IBN AS-SIDDIQ, A. Ibrdx al-wahm al-maknun min kaldm Ibn Khaldun. Damascus, 1347 [1929].

IBN TAGHRI BIRD!, ABU L-MAHASIN YOSUF. an-Nujum ax-zdhirah fi muluk Misr wa-l-Qdhirah. Ed. W. Popper. University of California Publications in Semitic Philology (Berkeley), vol. vi (1915-1918). Cf. pp. 2, 122, 276.

IBRAHIM-HILMY, PRINCE. The Literature of Egypt and the Soudan from the Earliest Times to the Tear 1885. A Bibliography. Lon­don, 1886-1887. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 316-17.

IORGA, NICOLAE. Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Gotha, 1908­1913. 5 vols. Cf. 1, 317-38.

IQBAL, SIR MOHAMMAD. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Oxford, 1934.

ISKANDARI, AHMAD AL-. "Ibn Khaldun," Revue de I'Academie Arabe (Damascus), 1x (1929), 421-32, 461-71.

ISSAWI, CHARLES, tr. An Arab Philosophy of History: Selections from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun of Tunis (1332-1406). The Wisdom of the East Series. London, 1950.

ISSAWI, CHARLES. "Arab Geography and the Circumnavigation of Africa," Osiris (Bruges), x (1952), 117-28.

JABRI, SHAFIQ. "Mustalahat Ibn Khaldun," Revue de l'Acadimie Arabe (Damascus), xxvi (1951), 370-76. JOMIER, JACQUES. Le Commentaire coranique du Mandr. Paris, 1954.

JULIEN, CHARLES ANDRE. Histoire de L'Afrique du Nord. 2d ed. Paris, 1952. Cf. pp. 134-35.

KAY, HENRY CASSELS, ed. and tr. Taman: Its Early Medieval History by Najm ad-din 'Omdrah al-Hakami, also the Abridged History of its Dynasties by Ibn Khaldun.... London, 1892. Cf. pp. 138-90.

KHADDURI, MAJID. War and Peace in the Law of Islam. Baltimore, 1955.

KHADDURI, MAJID and LIEBESNY, HERBERT J., eds. Law in the Middle East. Washington, 1955. 1 vol. only has appeared: Origin and Devel­opment of Islamic Law. Cf. esp., ch. 10, "Judicial Organization" by E. TYAN (q.v.).

KHEMIRI, TAHIR. "Der 'Asablja-Begriffin der Muqaddima des Ibn Haldun," Der Islam (Berlin), xxiii (1936), 163-88.

KHUDR AT-TUNISI, MUHAMMAD. Uaydtu Ibn KhaldUn. Cairo, 1925. KHORI, RAW. "Ibn Khaldun wa-Hegel," at-Tariq (Beirut), in (1944), fasc. 3, p. 5.

KOBERT, RAIMUND. "Gedanken zum semitischen Wort- and Satz­

bau, No. 9: 'Ibar = I'tibar," Orientalia (Rome), N.S. xv (1946),151-54.

KRAMERS, JOHANNES HENDRIK. Analecta orientalia: Posthumous

Writings and Selected Minor Works. Leiden, 1954^-1956. 2 vols. Cf. "L'Islam et la democratie," II, 168-83; "La Sociologie de l'Islam," H, 184-93; "L'Etat musulman," II, 194-201.

KREMER, ALFRED, FREIHERR VON. "Ibn Chaldun and seine Kul­turgeschichte der islamischen Reiche," Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-hist. Masse (Vienna), xClll (1879), 581-634. For English translation, see BUKHSH (2).

KURD, 'ALI MUHAMMAD. "Ibn Khaldun," Revue de I'Academie Arabe (Damascus), xxi-xxii (1946-1947), 396-404.

. "Ibn Khaldun wa-Timurlank" [According to Ibn az­Zamlakani], ibid., xxiii (1948), 159.

LANCI, MICHELE ANGELO. Dissertazionestorico-critica sugli Omireni e loro forme di scrivere trovate ne' codici Vaticano. Appresso a un Articolo di Eben Caliduno intorno all'arabesca Paleografia. Rome, 1820.

LAOUST, HENRI. Essai sur les doctrines sociales et politiques de Taki-d­Din b. Taimiya. Cairo, 1939.

LE BON, GUSTAVE. La Civilization des Arabes. Paris, 1884.

LEVI DELLA VIDA, GIORGIO. "The 'Bronze Era' in Moslem Spain," Journal of the American Oriental Society (Baltimore), LXIII (1943), no. 3, 183-91.

LEVI DELLA VIDA, GIORGIO. "La traduzione araba delle Storie di Orosio" in Miscellanea Giovanni Galbiati. Fontes ambrosiani, 25-27. Milan, 1951. 3 vols. Cf. 111, 185-203.

LEVI DELLA VIDA, GIORGIO, al-Andalus (Madrid and Granada), xix (1954), 257-93. Reprint of the preceding, corrected and augmented.

LEVI DELLA VIDA, GIORGIO. "Ibn Khaldun" in Collier's Encyclopedia. New York, 1952. 20 vols. Cf. x, 326.

LEVI-PROVENCAL, EVARISTE. "Note sur 1'exemplaire du Kitdb al­'Ibar offert par Ibn Ijaldun a la Bibliotheque d'al-Karawiyin a Fes," Journal asiatique (Paris), ccin (1923), 161-68.

LEVI-PROVENCAL, EVARISTE. Communication to the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Comptes rendus: Seances de l'Annee 1923. Paris, 1923. Cf. pp. 202-3.

LEVI-PROVENCAL, EVARISTE. L'Espagne musulmane au X=e siecle. Paris, 1932.

LEVI-PROVENCAL, EVARISTE. Extraits des historiens arabes du Maroc. 3d ed. Paris, 1948.

LEVI-PROVENCAL, EVARISTE. Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane. Paris and Leiden, 1950­1953. 3 vols.

LEVIN, I. "Ibn-Chaldun, arabski sociolog XIV vieka," Novyi Vostok (Moscow), xIi (1926), 241-63.

LEVY, REUBEN. An Introduction to the Sociology of Islam. London, 1931-1933. 2 vols.

LEVY, REUBEN2d ed. The Social Structure of Islam. Cambridge University Press, 1957.

LEWIS, BERNARD. The Arabs in History. London, 1950.

LICHTENSTADTER, ILSE. "Arabic and Islamic Historiography," The Moslem World (Hartford), xxxv (1945), 126-32.

LIEBESNY, HERBERT J. See KHADDURI (2).

LUCIANI, J. D. "La Theorie du droit musulman (Ougoul el-fiqh) d'apres Ibn Khaldoun," Revue africaine (Algiers), LXIX (1928), 49-64.

MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK. Ibn Khaldiln:.A Selection from the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldttn. With Notes and an English­German Glossary. Semitic Study Series, iv. Leiden, 1905; reprinted 1948.

MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK. Aspects of Islam. New York, 1911. Cf. pp. 309-19.

MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK. The Religious Attitude and Life in Islam. 2d ed. Chicago, 1912. Cf. pp. 41-79, 95-124, 130-33, 165-74.

MACDONALD, DUNCAN BLACK. "Kalam" and "al-Mahdi" in Encyclopaedia of Islam (q.v.). Cf. 11, 673 ff.; 111, 113-15.

MACHADO, JOSE PEDRO. "A Lingua Arebica do Andaluz Segundo os'Prolegomenos' de Then Caldune," Boletim de Filologia (Lisbon), vii (1944), 401-18.

MACHADO, OSVALDO A. "La historia de los Godos seglin Ibn Jaldun," Cuadernos de Historia de Espafla (Buenos Aires), i-ii (1944), 139^-53.

MACHADO, OSVALDO A. "Historia de los Arabes de Espafla por Ibn Jaldun," ibid. (1946-1948): iv, 136-47; vi, 146-53; vii, 138-45; vin, 148-58.

MACHUEL, Louis. Les Auteurs arabes. Pages choisies des grands ecrivains. Paris, 1912. Cf. pp. 342-48.

MAGALI-BOISNARD, MME. "La Vie singuliere d'Ibn Khaldoun, historien des Arabes et des Berberes," Bulletin de la Society de Geographie d'Alger et de l'Afrique du Nord (Algiers), 1929, no. 120, pp. 497-514.

MAGALI-BOISNARD, MME. Le Roman de Khaldoun. Paris, 1930.

MAGHRIBI, 'ABD AL-QADIR AL-. "Ibn Khaldun bi-l-madrasah al-'Adiliyah bi-Dimashq" in Muhammad wa-l-Mar'ah. Damas­cus, 1347 [1929]. Cf. pp. 38-82.

MAHDI, MUHSIN. Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History: A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of Culture. London, 1957.

MAHMASSANl, SOBHI. Les Idees economiques d'Ibn Khaldoun: Essai historique, analytique et critique. Lyon, 1932.

MAITROT DE LA MOTTE-CAPRON, A. "Essai sur le nomadisme," Revue internationale de Sociologie (Paris), XLVII (1939), 321-26.

Majallat al-HadIth (Aleppo), Sept., 1932. Special issue on the occasion of Ibn Khaldun's sexcentenary.

MAQQARI, AHMAD B. MUIJAMMAD AL-. Nafh at-tlb min ghusn al­Andalus ar-ratib. Bulaq, 1279 [1862/631. 4 vols. Cf. iv, 414-26.

MAQQARI, AHMAD B. MUIJAMMAD AL-. The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain.. .Tr. Pascual de Gayangos. London, 1840-1843. 2 vols. Cf. I (Appendix B), xxvu-xui; li (Appendix D), XLIX-LXXX.

MAQQARI, AHMAD B. MUIJAMMAD AL-. Analectes sur !'histoire et la litterature des Arabes d'Espagne. Eds. R. Dozy et alii. 2 vols. Vol. I, Leiden, 1855-1860; vol. ii, 1858-1861.

MAQRIZI, TAQI AD-DIN AHMAD AL-. al-Khitat: al-Mawd'ix wa-1­i'tibdr bi-dhikr al-khitat wa-l-dthdr. Bulaq, 1270 [1853]. 2 vols. Cf. 11, 76, 190.

MARCAIS, GEORGES. La Guerre vue par Ibn Khaldoun. Bulletin d'Information du Gouvernement General de 1'Algerie. Algiers, 1939. Cf. pp. 293-95.

MARCAIS, GEORGES. Les Idees d' Ibn Khaldoun sur l'evolution des soaetes. Bulletin d'Information du Gouvernement General de 1'Algerie. Algiers, 1940. Cf. pp. 465-68.

MARCAIS, GEORGES. "Les Idees d'Ibn Khaldoun sur !'histoire," Bulletin des etudes arabes (Algiers), no. 1 (1941), pp. 3-5.

MARCAIS, GEORGES. La Berberee musulmane et l'Orient au Moyen Age. Paris, 1946.

MARCAIS, GEORGES"Ibn Khaldoun et le livre des Prolegomenes," Revue ^de la Mediterranee (Paris and Algiers), Iv (1950), no. 38, pp. 406­420; no. 39, pp. 524-34.

MARCAIS, WILLIAM. Review of GAUTIER (2), Revue critique d'histoire de litterature (Paris), N.s. xcvi (1929), 255-270.

MARGOLIOUTH, DAVID SAMUEL. Lectures on Arabic Historians. Calcutta, 1930. Cf. pp. 156-58.

MARGOLIOUTH, DAVID SAMUEL. "Ibn Khaldun" in Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences. New York, 1942. 15 vols. Cf. vii, 564-65.

MARIAS AGUILAR, JULIAN. La filosofia en los textos. Barcelona, 1950. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 450-63.

MAUNIER, RENE. "Les Idees economiques d'un philosophe arabe, Ibn Khaldoun," Revue d'Histoire economique et sociale (Paris), vi (1912), 409-19.

MAUNIER, RENE. "Les Idees sociologiques d'un philosophe arabe au XIV" siecle," Revue internationale de Sociologie (Paris), xxiii (1915), 142-54; reprinted in L'Egypte contemporaine (Cairo), viii (1917), 31-43.

MAUNIER, RENE. Melanges de sociologie nord-africaine. Paris, 1930. Contains the two preceding titles; cf. pp. 1-35.

MENASCE, PIERRE JEAN DE. Arabische Philosophie. Bibliographische Einfuhrungen in das Studium der Philosophie. Bern, 1948. Cf. p. 24.

MERAD, ALI. "L'Autobiographie d'Ibn Khaldun," IBLA (Tunis), xix (1956), 53-64.

MERCIER, ERNEST. Histoire de l'etablissement des Arabes dans l'Afrique septentrionale selon les documents fournis par les auteurs arabes et notamment par !'histoire des Berberes d'Ibn Khaldoun. Constantine, 1875.

MERCIER, ERNEST. Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale. Paris, 1888-1891. 3 vols.

MEYER, EDUARD. Geschichte des Altertums. 3d ed. Berlin and Stuttgart, 1902-1999. 5 vols in 7. Cf. 1, 83-84.

MEYERHOF, MAX. "An Early Mention of Sleeping Sickness in Arabic Chronicles," Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association (Cairo), xxiv (1941), 284-86.

MONTAGNE, ROBERT. La Civilisation du desert. Paris, 1947.

MUHASIB, JAMAL AL-. "at-Tarbiyah `ind Ibn Khaldun" [Ibn Khal­dun's Theory of Education], al-Machriq (Beirut), XLIII (1949), 365-98.

MUHTADI, SHUKRI. "'Abd-ar-Rahman Ibn Khaldun," al-Mugtataf (Cairo), 11 (1927), 167-73, 270-77.

MULLER, AUGUST. Der Islam im Morgen- and Abendland. Berlin, 1885-1887. 2 vols. Cf. li, 666-70.

NAFISI, SA'ID. "Ibn Khaldun" in Farhang-ndmah-1 Pdrsi [Persian Encyclopedia], ed. idem. Teheran, 1950. Cf 1, 528-532.

NAFISI, SA'ID. Persian translation of FISCHEL (4). Teheran, 1957.

NASHAAT, MOIJAMMAD'ALI. "Ibn Khaldoun, Pioneer Economist," L'Egypte contemporaine (Cairo), xxxv (1945), no. 220, pp. 375-490.

NASHAAT, MOIJAMMAD'ALI. The Economic Ideas in the Prolegomena of Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1944.

NASIRI, AHMAD B. KHALID AN-. Kitdb al-Istiqsa' li-akhbar duwal al-maghrib al-agsa. Casablanca, 1954-1955. 4 vols.

NASIRI, AHMAD B. KHALID AN-. French translation of vol. Iv of the preceding (Les Merinides), by Ismael Hamet, in Archives marocaines, xxxiii (1934). Cf. Index, p. 588, s.v. "Ibn Khal­doun."

NICHOLSON, REYNOLD ALLEYNE. Translations of Eastern Poetry and Prose. Cambridge, 1922. Cf, pp. 176-85.

NICHOLSON, REYNOLD ALLEYNE. A Literary History of the Arabs. London, 1923. Cf. pp. 437-40.

NOEL DES VERGERS, MARIE JOSEPH ADOLPHE, ed. and tr. Histoire de l'AAfique sous la dynastie des Aghlabites et de la Sicile sous la domination musulmane.. Texte arabe d'Ebn Khaldoun, accompagne d'une traduction francaise et de notes. Paris, 1841.

NYKL, ALOIS RICHARD. Hispano-Arabic Poetry and Its Relations with the Old Provenfal Troubadours. Baltimore, 1946.

OPPENHEIMER, FRANZ. System der Soziologie. Jena, 1922-1935. 4 vols. Cf. II, 173 ff.; IV, 251 ff.

ORTEGA Y GASSET, JOSE. "Abenjaldun nos revels el secreto. (Pensamientos sobre Africa Menor)" in El Espectador. Madrid, 1916-1934. 8 vols. Cf. vul, 9-53.

PELLAT, CHARLES. Langue et litterature arabes. Paris, 1952. Cf. pp. 177-80.

PERES, HENRI. La Poe'sie andalouse en Arabe classique au XI'siicle. Paris, 1937; 2d ed., 1953.

PERES, HENRI. Ibn Khaldoun (1832-1406): Extraits choisis de la "Muqaddima" et du "Kitab al-'Ibar." Algiers, 1947.

PERES, HENRI. "Essai de bibliographie d'Ibn ijaldun" in Studi orien­talistici in onore di Giorgio Levi Della Vida. Rome, 1956. 2 vols. Cf. H, 304-29.

PERES, HENRIand BRUNSCHVIG, ROBERT. "Ibn Khaldoun: sa vie et son oeuvre (Bibliographie)," Bulletin des etudes arabes (Algiers), 1943, pp. 55-60, 145-46.

PIQUET, VICTOR. Les Civilisations de l'Afrique du Nord. Paris, 1909.

PIRI ZADEH, MEHMED SAIJIB, and AHMED JEVDET. ' Unwan as-siyar: Tarjumen muqaddamat Ibn Khalduni. Constantinople, 1863. 3 vols. For original, see IBN KHALDUN [Muqaddimah].

PIZZI, ITALO. Letteratura Araba. Milan, 1903. Cf. pp. 333-37.

PLESSNER, MARTIN.. "Beltrage zur islamischen Literaturge­schichte," Islamica (Leipzig), IV (1931), 538-42.

PONCET, J. "L'Evolution des 'genres de vie' en Tunisie: autour d'une phrase d'Ibn Khaldoun," Cahiers de Tunisie, H (1954), 315-23.

PONS BOIGUES, FRANCISCO. Ensayo bio-bibliografico sobre los historiadores y geografos .Arabigo-Espanoles. Madrid, 1898. Cf. pp. 350-62.

PRAKASH, BUDDHA. "Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxvlli (1954), 492-508; xxlx (1955), 104-19, 184-90, 225-36.

QADIR, 'ABD AL-. "The Social and Political Ideas of Ibn Khaldun," The Indian Journal of Political Science (Allahabad), iii (1941), 117-26.

QADIR, 'ABD AL-. "The Economic Ideas of Ibn Khaldun," ibid., xxII (1942), 898-907.

QALQASHANDI, AHMAD AL-. SUM al-A'shd. Cairo, 1913-1919. 14 vols. Cf. vols. Iv-VII; XIII.

QAMIR, YUIUANNA. Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun: dirasah, mukhtdrdt. Beirut, 1947. Cf. pp. 1-47.

QUATREMERE, ETIENNE MARC. See IBN KHALDUN [Muqaddimah].

RAPPOPORT, CHARLES. Zur Characteristik der Methode and Hauptrichtungen der Philosophie der Geschichte. Berner Studien zur Philosophie and ihrer Geschichte, III. Bern, 1896. Cf. pp. 75­79.

RAPPOPORT, CHARLES. La Philosophie de 1'histoire comme science de l'evolution. Paris, 1903; 2d ed., 1925. Cf. pp. 78-88.

REINAUD, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT. ^"Ibn-Khaldoun" in Nouvelle Biographie Generale, ed. Didot. Paris, 1877. 46 vols. Cf. xxv, 740-47.

RENAUD, HENRI PAUL JOSEPH. ^"Divination et histoire nord-af­ricaine aux temps d'Ibn Khaldoun," Hesperis (Paris), (1943),213-91.

RENAUD, HENRI PAUL JOSEPH. "Sur un passage d'Ibn Khaldoun relatif a 1'histoire de Mathematique," ibid., xxii (1944), 35-47.

RIBERA Y TARRAGG, JULIAN. La ensenafiza entre los Musulmanes espafloles. Saragossa, 1893.

RICHTER, GUSTAV. Das Geschichtsbild der arabischen Historiker des Mittelalters. Tubingen, 1933. Cf. pp. 24-25.

RITTER, HELLMUT. ^"Irrational Solidarity Groups: A Socio-Psy­chological Study in Connection with Ibn Khaldun," Oriens (Leiden), I (1948), 1-44.

RITTER, HELLMUT. "Autographs in Turkish Libraries," ibid., vi (1953), 83.

RIZA, HAMID. ^"Ibn Khaldun, the Philosopher of History," Islamic Review (Woking), xxv, (1938), 267-71.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. Ibn Khalduns Gedanken fiber den Staat: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der mittelalterlichen Staats­lehre. Munich and Berlin, 1932.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. "Ibn Khaldun: A North African Muslim Thinker of the 14th Century," Bulletin of the John Rylands Library (Man­chester), xxIv (1940), 307-20.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. "Some Aspects of Islamic Political Thought," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxII (1948), 1-17.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. "Ibn Jaldun's Attitude to the Falasifa," al-Andalus (Ma­drid and Granada), xx (1955), 75-85.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. ed. and tr. Averroes' Commentary on Plato's Republic. Oriental Publications, No. 1. Cambridge, 1956.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ. "Die arabische Autobiographie" in Studia Arabica I. Analecta Orientalia, 14. Rome, 1937. Cf. pp. 33 ff.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ. The Technique and Approach of Muslim Scholarship. Analecta Orientalia, 24. Rome, 1947.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ. A History of Muslim Historiography. Leiden, 1952.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ. tr. Ibn Khaldun: The Muqaddimah; An Introduction to History. New York (Bollingen Series XLIII ), London, 1958. 3 vols.

ROSSI, GIOVANNI BERNARDO DE. Dizionario storico degli autori arabi. Parma, 1807. Cf. p. 56.

RUBIO, FR. LUCIANO. "En torno a los 'Prolegomenos' de Aben­jaldun: Muqaddima o Muqaddama?" La Ciudad de Dios (Madrid), CLXII (1950), 171-78.

RUBIO, FR. LUCIANO. ed. See IBN KHALDUN [Treatise on Logic].

SAKHAWI, MUHAMMAD B. 'ABD AR-RAI3MAN AS-. al-flan bi-t­tawbikh li-man dhamma ahl at-ta'rikh. Damascus, 1349 [1930].

SAKHAWI, MUHAMMAD B. 'ABD AR-RAI3MAN AS-. ad-Pau' al-ldmi' li-ahl al-qarn at-tdsi'. Cairo, 1353-1355 [1934-1936]. 12 vols in 6. Cf. Iv, 145-49.

SALIBA, KAMIL and 'AYAD, KAMIL M. Ibn Khaldoun: morceaux choisis (MuntakhabAt). Damascus, 1933.

SAMI AL-KAYALI. ^"Ibn Khaldun wa 1-'Arab" in al-Filer al-'Arabiyah. Cairo, 1943. Cf. pp. 13-26.

SANCHEZ-ALBORNOZ Y MEDUIRA, CLAUDIO. "Ben Jaldun ante Pedro El Cruel" in idem (ed.), La Espaiia musulmana segun los autores islamitas y cristianos medievales. Buenos Aires, 1946. 2 vols. Cf. 11, 422-23.

SANDERS, JOHN HERNE. Tamerlane or Timur the Great Amir. From the Arabic Life by Ahmed Ibn Arabshah. London, 1936. For original, see IBN 'ARABSHAH ( I ).

SANTILLANA, DAVID. Istituzioni di Diritto musulmano malichita, conriguardo anche al sistema sciaflita. Rome, [1926]-1938. 2 vols.

SARKIS, JOSEPH ELIAN. Dictionnaire encyclopedique de bibliographie arabe. Cairo, 1928-1931. In 11 pts. Cf. cols. 95-97.

SARTON, GEORGE ALFRED LEON. Introduction to the History of Science. Carnegie Institution of Washington. Baltimore, 1927­1948. 3 vols in 5. Cf. III (pt. 2), 1767-79.

SARTON, GEORGE ALFRED LEON. "Arabic Scientific Literature" in Ignace Goldziher Memorial Volume. Budapest, 1948; Jerusalem, 1956. 1 Vol. in 2. Cf. I, 55-72.

SAUVAGET, JEAN. Introduction a l'histoire de l'Orient musulman. Paris, 1943. Cf. pp. 182-83.

SAUVAGET, JEAN. Historiens arabes: pages choisies et traduites. Initiation a l'Islam, v. Paris, 1946. Cf. pp. 137-46.

SCHIMMEL, ANNEMARIE, tr. Ibn Chaldun: Ausgewahlte Abschnitte aus der muqaddima. Aus dem arabischen. Tubingen, 1951.

SCHMID, JOHAN VON. "Ibn Khaldoun, philosophe et sociologue arabe (1332-1406)," Revue de l'Institut de Sociologie (Brussels), 1951, pp. 237-53.

SCHMIDT, NATHANIEL. "The Manuscripts of Ibn Khaldun," Journal of the American Oriental Society (Baltimore), XLVI (1926), 171­76.

SCHMIDT, NATHANIEL. "Ibn Khaldun" in The New International Encyclopaedia. 2d ed. New York, 1925. 25 vols. Cf. xi, 716-17.

SCHMIDT, NATHANIEL. Ibn Khaldun: Historian, Sociologist and Philosopher. New

SCHMIDT, NATHANIEL. "Ibn Khaldun and His Prolegomena," The Moslem World (Hartford), xxII (1932), 61-63. York, 1930.

SCHREINER, MARTIN. ^"Zur Geschichte der Aussprache des He­braischen," Zeitschrift fur die .Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (Giessen), vi (1886). Cf. pp. 251-55.

SCHULZ, F. E. "Sur le grand ouvrage historique et critique d'Ibn Khaldoun . . . ," Journal asiatique (Paris), 1 ser., vu (1825), 213-26,279-300.

SCHULZ, F. E. "Extrait du grand ouvrage historique d'Ibn-Khaldoun," ibid., 2 ser., 11 (1828), 117-42.

SEREFEDDIN, M. "Ibni Haldun Vesilesiyle Islam ve Turkler," I,s Mefmuasi (Istanbul), nos. 15-16 (1938), pp. 67-71.

SHAFAQ, RIZA ZADEH. ["Ibn Khaldun and the History of Philos­ophy"], Revue de la Faculte des Lettres de Tabriz (Tabriz), ed. Adib Tusi,111(1950), no. 7, pp. 360-69. Article in Persian.

SHERWANI, HAROON KHAN. "Political Theories of Certain Early Islamic Writers," The Indian Journal of Political Science (Al­lahabad), ut(1942), 225-36.

SHERWANI, HAROON KHAN. Studies in Muslim Political Thought and Administration. Lahore, 1945. Cf. pp. 181-93.

SHERWANI, HAROON KHAN. "The Genesis and Progress of Muslim Socio-Political Thought," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxvii (1953). Cf. pp. 144-48.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE, ed. and tr. "Ex­traits des Prolegomenes d'Ebn-Khaldoun" in idem, Relation de 1'Egypte, par Abd-Allatif, medecin arabe de Bagdad... . Paris, 1810. Cf. pp. 509-24 (translation); 558-64 (Arabic text).

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE. Chrestomathie Arabe, ou Extraits de divers ecrivains Arabes. ... 2d ed. Paris, 1826-1827.3 vols. Cf. i, 370-411; 11, 168­69, 257-59, 279-336; 111, 342-46.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE. Anthologiegrammaticale arabe. Paris, 1829. Cf. pp. 167-86, 408-47, 472-76.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE. "Les Haleines de la familiarite . . . par Abd-Alrahman Djami, " Notices et Extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque du Roi (Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), xii (1831). Cf. pp. 293-305.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE"Ibn-Khaldoun" in Biographie Universelle ancienne et moderne . . . , ed. Michaud. 2d ed. Paris, 1843[-18651. 45 vols. Cf. xx, 268-71.

SILVESTRE DE SACY, ANTOINE ISAAC, BARON DE. "Le Soufisme d'apres les Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khaldoun," Libres etudes (Paris), ed. E. Bailly, 1909-1910. Cf. pp. 6-9.

SIMON, MARCEL. ^"Le Judaisme berbere dans l'Afrique ancienne," Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie religieuses (Strasbourg), xxvi (1946), 1-31, 105-45.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE, tr. ^"Autobiographie d'Ibn Khaldoun," Journal asiatique (Paris), 4 ser., in (1844), 5-60, 187-210, 291-308, 325-53.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE, in his Introduction to idem (tr.), Prolegomenes historiques d'Ibn Khaldoun, q.v. (infra). Cf. xix (1862), pp. VI-LxxxIII. Corrected version of the preceding.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE· ed. See IBN KHALDUN [History].

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE• tr. Ibn Khaldoun: Histoire des Berberes et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale. Traduite de 1'Arabe. Algiers, 1852-1856. 4 vols.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE. Nouvelle edition publiee sous la direction de Paul Casanova. Paris, 1925-1934. 3 vols.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DEt• r. Prolegomenes historiques d'Ibn Khaldoun. Traduits en Frangais et commentes. Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Imperiale (Academie des Inscriptions et Belles­Lettres), vols. xix-xxi. Paris, 1862-1868.

SLANE, WILLIAM MACGUCKIN, BARON DE. Les Prolegomenes d' Ibn Khaldoun. Paris, 1934-1938. 3 vols. Photomechanical reproduction of the preceding.

SOROKIN, PITIRIM ALEKSANDROVICH. Social Philosophies of an Age of Crisis. Boston, 1951.

SOROKIN, PITIRIM ALEKSANDROVICH, ZIMMERMAN, CARLE C., and GALPIN, CHARLES J., eds. A Systematic Source Book in Rural Sociology. Minneapolis, 1930­1932. 3 vols. Cf. 1, 54-68.

SPULER, BERTOLD. Review Of SCHIMMEL (q.v.), Viertejahrschrift fur Social- and Wirtschaftsgeschichte (Wiesbaden), XL (1953), 63-67.

SPULER, BERTOLD  and FORRER, LUDWIG. Der vordere Orient in islamischer Zeit. Wissenschaftliche Forschungsberichte. Bern, 1954.

SUBITI PASHA, 'ABD-AL-LATiF. Miftah al-'Ibar. Istanbul, 1276 [1859/601. 4 vols. See IBN KHALDUN [History].

SURDON, G. and BERCHER, LEON, trs. Recueil de textes de sociologie et de droit public musulman contenus dans les "Prolegomenes" d'Ibn Khaldoun. Bibliotheque de l'Institut d'Etudes Superieures d'Alger, 6. Algiers, 1951.

SUYUTI, `ABD AR-RAHMAN JALAL AD-DIN AS-. Kitab Husn al­muhddarah fi akhbdr Misr wa-l-Qdhirah. Cairo, 1321 [1903]. 2 vols in 1. Cf. n, 123-24.

SYRIER, MIYA. "Ibn Khaldun and Islamic Mysticism," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxi (1947), 264-302.

TANJI, MUIJAMMAD B. TAWIT AT-, ed. See IBN KHALDUN [Autobiog­raphy].

TERRASSE, HENRI. Histoire du Maroc. Paris, 1949-1950. 2 vols. Cf. Vol. n.

TIESENHAUSEN, VLADIMIR GUSTAVOVICH, BARON. "Die Geschichte der 'Oqailiden-Dynastie," Memoires presentes a 1'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, viii (1859), 129-72.

TIESENHAUSEN, VLADIMIR GUSTAVOVICH, BARON. "Recueil de materiaux relatifs a l'histoire de la Horde d'Or," ibid., 1 (1884), 365-94. Text and translation.

TOGAN, ZEKI VELIDI. "Ibn Khaldun et I'avenir de l'etat musulman" in Bilgi Mefmuasz. Istanbul, 1941. Cf. pp. 733-43.

TOGAN, ZEKI VELIDI. Tarihde Usul. Tarih arastirmalari, 1. Istanbul, 1950. Cf. pp. 170-87.

TOGAN, ZEKI VELIDI. "Kritische Geschichtsauffassung in der islamischen Welt des Mittelalters" in Proceedings of the Twenty Second [Inter­national] Congress of Orientalists, ed. idem. Istanbul, 1953. Only vol. I has appeared. Cf. 1, 76-85.

TORNBERG, CARL JOHAN. "Ibn Khalduni narratio de expeditionibus Francorum in terras islamismo subjectas ex codicibus Bod­leianis," Nova Acta regiae societatis scientiarum Upsaliensis (Upsala), xii (1844), 1-154.

TORNBERG, CARL JOHAN. "Notitiae de populo Berberorum ex Ibn Khalduno in Primordia dominatibnis Murabitorum," ibid., x11(1844), 315­36,398-400.

TORNBERG, CARL JOHAN. "Geschichte der Franken ..." in Reinhold Rohricht (ed.), Quellenbeitrage zur Geschichte der Kreuzzuge. Berlin, 1875. Cf. pp. 5-31.

TOYNBEE, ARNOLD JOSEPH. "The Relativity of Ibn Khaldun's Historical Thought" in A Study of History. London, 1934­1954. 10 vols. Cf. 111, 321-28, 473-76. (See also x, 84-87 and Index.)

TYAN, EMILE. Histoire de l'organisation judiciaire en pays d'Islam. Lyon, 1938-1943. 2 vols.

TYAN, EMILE. Institutions du droit public musulman: Le Califat. Paris, 1954.

TYAN, EMILE. See KHADDURI (2).

ULKEN, HILMI ZIYA. La Pensee de l'Islam. Istanbul, 1953. Cf. pp. 557-76.

ULKEN, HILMI ZIYA and FINDIKO&U, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI. Ibni Haldun. Turk­Islam Feylesoflari, vi. Istanbul, 1940.

VAN DYCK, EDWARD A. Iktifa' al-ganu' bi-md huwa matbu'. Cairo, 1896. Cf. pp. 76-77.

VERA, FRANCISCO. La cultura espauola medieval. Madrid, 1933­1934. 2 vols. Cf. 1, 102-8.

VILLENOISY, COSSERON DE. "Un Homme d'etat: historien et philosophe du XIVe siecle (Ibn Khaldoun)," La Nouvelle Revue (Paris), XL (1886),.54.5-78.

WAJDI, MUIJAMMAD FARID. "Ibn Khaldun fi 1-MIzan," al-Hilal. (Cairo), XL (1932), 1234'-42.

WEIL, GUSTAV. Geschichte des .Abbasidenchalifats in Egypten. Stuttgart, 1862. 5 vols. Cf. II, 63-83, 89.

WELCH, GALBRAITH. North African Prelude: The First 7000 rears. New York, 1949. Cf. pp. 173-74, 390-92.

WESENDONK, OTTO GUNTHER VON. "Ibn Chaldun, ein arabischer Kulturhistoriker des 14. Jahrhunderts," Deutsche Rundschau (Berlin), Jahrgang XLIX (1923), 45-53. For Arabic translation, see ENAN (1).

WIET, GASTON. "Les Biographies du Manhal Safi," Memoires presentes a l'Institut d'Egypte (Cairo), xIx (1932). Cf. p. 199.

WIET, GASTON. "L'Egypte Arabe de la conquete Arabe a la conquete ottomane (642-1517)" in Histoire de la nation egyptienne, ed. Gabriel Hanotaux. Paris, 1931-1940. 7 vols. Cf. Iv, 530.

WRIGHT, WILLIAM, ed. The Paleographical Society: Facsimiles of Manuscripts and Inscriptions. Oriental Series. London, 1875­1883. Cf. Pl. LXXXIV.

WUSTENFELD, HEINRICH FERDINAND. ^"Die Geschichtschreiber der Araber and ihre Werke," Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Gottingen), xxix (1882), PP. 26-31.

ZAHIDA, H. PASHA. "Ibn Khaldoun, Sociologist" in Actes du XV Congres International de Sociologie. Istanbul, 1952.

ZAYDAN, JIRJI. Ta'rikh adab al-lughah al-'arabt"yah. Cairo, 1912­1924. 4 vols. Cf. 111, 210-14.

ZMERLI, S. "La Vie et les oeuvres d'Ibn Khaldoun," Revue Tuni­

sienne (Tunis), xviii (1911), 532-36.

ADDENDA (1966)

ABBAS, AHMAD. "Vie et oeuvre d'Ibn I3aldan" in Falasifat al­Islam fi-l-garb al-`arabl. Association Nibras al-fikr. Tetuan, 1961.

ABBOTT, NABIA. Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri. 1. Historical Texts. Oriental Institute Publications, Lxxv. Chicago, 1957. Cf. pp. 5-31. ("Early Islamic Historiography.")

AFSHAR, IRAs. See Fehrest maqdldt-e Farsi.

ALAM, MANZOR. "Ibn Khaldun's Concept of the Origin, Growth and Decay of Cities," Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxxiv (1960), 90-106.

A'mdl Mahrajdn Ibn Khaldun (Proceedings of the Symposium on Ibn Khaldun, held in Cairo). Cairo, 1962.

ANAWATI, GEORGE C. ^"Abd el-Rahman ibn Khaldoun, un Mon­tesquieu arabe," La Revue du Caire (Cairo), xxii (1959), 175­91,803-19.

ASHOR, MUHAMMAD AL-FAgIL B. "Ibn Khaldun," al-Fikr (Tunis), in (1958), no. 8, 702-7.

AYALON, DAVID. Ibn Khaldun's View of the Mamelukes, in L. A. Mayer's Memorial Volume, Jerusalem, 1964. (In Hebrew.) Cf. pp. 142-44, English summary, p. 175.

AYALON, DAVID. "The System of Payment in Mamlak Military Society," Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient (Leiden), 1 (1957), 37-65, 257-96.

AYALON, DAVID. "Studies on the Transfer of the Abbasid Caliphate from Baghdad to Cairo," Arabica (Leiden), vu (1960), 41-59.

BADAWI,'ABD AR-RAHMAN. Mu'allafdt Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1962.

BATSIEVA, S. M. "Sotsial' nuie osnovui istoriko-philosophskogo ucheniia Ibn Khalduna" (The social bases of Ibn Khaldun's historical-philosophical doctrine) in Pamiati akademika Ignatiia 1 Ulianovich Krachkovskogo. Leningrad, 1958. Cf. pp. 192­201

BATSIEVA, S. M. "Istoriko-Philosophskoe uchenie Ibn Khalduna" (The historical-philosophical doctrine of Ibn Khaldun), Akademiia nauk SSSR, Sovetskoe vostokovedenie (Moscow), 1 (1958), 75­86. English summary, p. 86.

BATSIEVA, S. M. Istoriko-Philosophskiy traktat Ibn Khalduna "0 prirode obchshestvennoy zhizni lyudey" (Historical-philosophical treatise of Ibn Khaldun on the origin of the social life of the people). (Dissertation resume, Leningrad University.) Leningrad, 1958.

BATSIEVA, S. M. Istoriko-Sotsiologicheskiy traktat Ibn Khalduna "Mukaddima." Moscow, 1965.

BIELAWSRU, JOSEF. "Ibn Ijaldun, Historyk, Filozof i Socjolog Arabski z XIV Wieku" (Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian, philos­opher and sociologist of the 14th century), Przeglgd Orien­talistyczny (Warsaw), (1957) no. 2, 127-46.

BIELAWSRU, JOSEF. "Tworca socjologii w §wiecie Islamu . . . ," Kultura i Spoleczenstwo (Warsaw), 111 (1959), no. 2, 4-34.

BOOSQUET, GEORGES-HENRI, tr. and ed. Les Textes economiques de la Mouqaddima (1375-1379). Paris [1961].

BOOSQUET, GEORGES-HENRI. "Les Cagaliba chez Ibn Khaldun," Rivista degli Studi Orientali (Rome), XL (1965), pp. 139-141.

BRUNSCHVIG, ROBERT and GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON, eds. Classicism et declin culturel dans l'histoire de l'Islam. Paris, 1957.

CAIRNS, GRACE E. Philosophies of History: Meeting of East and West in Cycle -Pattern Theories of History. New York, 1962. London, 1963. Cf. pp. 322-36 (New York edn. ).

CARD BAROJA, JULIO. ^"Aben Jaldun-Antropologo Social" in Estudios Mogrebies. Instituto de Estudios Africanos. Madrid, 1957. Cf. pp. 11-58.

CARD BAROJA, JULIO. "Las Instituciones Fundamentales de los Nomadas segun Aben Jaldun," op. cit. Cf. pp. 27-41.

CHAMBLISS, ROLIN. Social Thought, from Hammurabi to Comte. New York, 1954. Cf. pp. 283-312. .

COHEN, GERSON D. "Ibn Khaldun-Rediscovered Arab Philoso­pher," Midstream (New York), v (1959), 77-90.

COACOS, DAVID. "The Jews of Morocco under the Marinides,"

COACOS, DAVIDJewish Quarterly Review (Philadelphia), LIV (1964), 271-87; LV (1964), 53-81, 137-50.

DAGHIR, YOSUF AS'AD. See IBN KHALDON (1).

DEMEERSEMAN, A. "Ce qu'Ibn Khaldoun pense d'al-Ghazzali," IBLA [Institut des belles lettres arabes] (Tunis), xxi (1958), 161-93.

EZZAT, ABDULAZIZ. See ^eIZZAT,'ABD AL-'AZIZ.

FAROKI, KEMAL A. Islamic Jurisprudence, Karachi, 1962.

FASI, MUHAMMAD AL-. ^"Ibn Khaldun" in Faldsifat al-Islam fl-l­garb al-`arabl. Association Nibras al-fikr. Tetuan, 1961.

Fehrest magalat-e Farsi (Index Iranicus). Repertoire methodique des articles persans concernant les etudes iranologiques, publies daps les periodiques et publications collectives. Vol. I, 1910­1958. Ed. Iraj Afshar. Teheran, 1961.

FiKr, al-. Special Ibn Khaldun issue on the occasion of the 555th anniversary of his death. (Tunis), vi (1961), no. 6.

FINDIKOGLU, ZIYAEDDIN FAHRI. ^"L^'Ecole ibn-Khaldounienne en Turquie" in Proceedings of the Twenty-second International Congress of Orientalists, Istanbul, 1951. Leiden, 1957. 2 vols. Cf. 11, 269-73.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. ^"Selected Bibliography of Ibn Khaldun" in Ibn Khaldun: The Muqaddimah, an Introduction to History. Tr. Franz Rosenthal. New York, 1958. 3 vols. Cf. III, 485­512.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ascensus Barcoch": A Latin Biography of the Mamluk Sultan Barquq of Egypt (d. 1399) by B. de Mignanelli in 1416," translated and annotated, Arabica (Leiden), vi (1959), 57-74,162-72.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun on Pre-Islamic Iran" in Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Orientalists, New Delhi (to ap­pear in 1967).

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Nasat Ibn Khaldun ft Misr al-Mamlikiya (1382­1406)," (in Arabic) in Dirasdt Islamiya, Anthology of writings by Americans on Islam. Ed. N. Ziyida. Beirut, 1960. Cf. pp. 177-212.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun's Use of Historical Sources," Studia Islamica (Paris), xiv (1961), 109-119.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. Preliminary report of the above, in Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Congress of Orientalists, Moscow, 1960. Moscow, 1962-3. 5 vols. Cf. II, 71.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. "Ibn Khaldun and al-Mas`udi," in al-Mas`udi Millenary Commemoration Volume. Indian Society for the History of Science. Aligarh, 1961. Cf. pp. 51-9.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. Ibn Khaldun and Tamerlane: Their Historic Meeting in Damascus, A. D. 1401 (803 A. H.). See orig. bibl. Fischel (4). For Arabic translation, see JAWAD.

FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH. Urdu translation of the above. Sind Academy. Lahore (to appear in 1967).

.FISCHEL, WALTER JOSEPH Ibn Khaldun in Egypt (1382-1406). His public functions and his historical research: An essay in Islamic historiography. Berkeley, 1967.

GIBB, HAMILTON ALEXANDER ROSSKEEN. Reprint of "The Islamic Background of Ibn Khaldun's Political Theory" in Studies on the Civilization of Islam. Eds. Stanford Jay Shaw and William R. Polk. Boston, London, 1962. Cf. pp. 166-75. Cf. also orig. bibl., Gibb (2).

GONABADI, MUHAMMAD PARVIN. See PARVIN-E GONABAD. GRUNEBAUM, GUSTAVE EDMUND VON. See BRUNSCHVIG.

GUERNIER, EUGENE LEONARD. La Berberie, l'Islam et la France; le destin de l'Afrique du Nord. Paris, 1950.2 vols. Cf. 1, 226-31; 396-402.

HADDAD, J. ALMANSUR. See KHOURY, J. and A. BIERRENBACH.

HARAKAT, IBRAHIM. ^"Ibn Khaldun's `Kitab al-'Ibar' as a Historical Source," Afdq (Rabat), 1 (1963),123-32. HODGSON, MARSHALL G. S., ed. See NICHOLSON.

HOOKHAM, HILDA. Tamburlaine the Conqueror. London, 1962. HOURANI, ALBERT HABIB. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, 1798­1939. New York, London, Toronto, 1962.

HUSARI, ABU KHALDUN SATI' AL-. Dirasdt 'an Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun [edition augmentee]. Cairo, Baghdad, 1961.

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. Ta'rikh al-'Allama Ibn Khaldun. Ed. YQsuf As`ad Dighir. Beirut, 1956-1960. 7 vols.

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun. With notes and introduction by `Ali `Abd al-Wihid Waft Cairo, 1957-1962. 4 vols.

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. Muqaddimah. For Hindi translation, see Rizvi. Persian, see PARVIN-E GONABAD. Portuguese, see KHOURY. Turkish, see UGAN. For other translations, see orig. bibl. IBN KHALDuN (4).

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. For French translation of the economic texts, see BoUSQUET.

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. Sifa'-us-sd'il litahzib-il-masd'il. (Apaisement a qui cherche comment clar jer les problemes.) Edition, introduction et voca­bulaire technique par le pere Ignace Abdo Khalife, S. J. Institut de Lettres orientates de Beyrouth, xi. Beirut, 1959.

IBN KHALDUN, WALL AD-DIN 'ABD AR-RAHMAN. SIfa'u's-sd'il litehzibi'l-mesd'il. Ed. Muhammed b. Tawit at-Tanji. Istanbul, 1958. Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Yaymlari, xxii.

IBRASHI, MUHAMMAD 'ATIYAH AL- and TAWANISI, ABO AL FUTON MUHAMMAD AL-. Silsilat Tarajim. Cairo, 1957. Cf. u, 80-142.

Index Iranicus. See Fehrest maqalat-e Farsi.

Index Islamicus, 1906-1955. A catalogue of articles on Islamic subjects in periodicals and other collective publications. Ed. J. D. Pearson, with assistance of Julia F. Ashton. Cambridge, 1958. Cf. pp. 340-1.

Index Islamicus, . Supplement, 1956-1960. Ed. J. D. Pearson. Cambridge, 1962. Cf. pp. 106-7.

IRVING, T. B. "The World of Ibn Khaldun," The Islamic Literature (Lahore), Ix (1957), 547-51, 473-77.

IRVING, T. B. "Peter the Cruel and Ibn Khaldun," op. cit., xi (1959), 5-17.

IRVING, T. B.. "A Fourteenth Century View of Language" in The World of Islam, Studies in Honour of Philip K. Hitti. Eds. J. Kritzeck and R. Bayly Winder. London, New York, 1959. Cf. pp. 185­92.

'ISSA, 'ALi AHMAD. The Arabic Society: Experimental Sociological Studies. Cairo, 1961. Cf. pp. 179-91.

IVANOV, N. A. "'Kitab al-'Ibar' Ibn Khalduna kak istochnik po istorii stran Severnoy Afriki ve XIV veke" (Ibn Khaldun's "Kitab al-'Ibar" as a Source for the History of the North African Lands in the 14th Century), Arabskii Sbornik (Mos­cow), xix (1959), 8-45.

`IZZAT, 'ABD AL-'AZIZ. The Philosophy of History and Sociology. Cairo, 1960. Cf. pp. 94-61.

JAFFAR, S. M. History of History. Peshawar City, 1961. Cf. I, 44-47.

JEAN-LEON L^'AFRICAIN. Description de l'Afrique. Tr. (from Italian) and ed. A. Epaulard and others. Publication de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines, LXI. Paris, 1956. 2 vols.

KHALIFE, LE PERE IGNACE-ABDO, S. J. "Un nouveau traite mystique d'Ibn Jjaldun" in Akten des vierundzwanzigsten internationalen Orientalisten-Kongresses, Manchen, 1957. Wiesbaden, 1959. Cf. pp. 330-33.

KHALIFE, LE PERE IGNACE-ABDO, S. J.. See also IBN KHALDUN (5).

KHOURY, J. and A. BIERRENBACH, trs. b. Haldun. Os prolegomenos ou filos fla social. Introduction by J. Almansur Haddad. Sao Paulo, 1958-1960. (Portuguese translation of the Muqad­dimah.)

KOPILEWITZ, IMMANUEL. Aqdamot la-Historia (Hebrew translation of the Muqaddimah.) Translated, with notes and introduction, Bialik Institute, Jerusalem, 1967.

KRITZECK, JAMES, ed. Anthology of Islamic Literature, from the rise of Islam to modern times. New York, 1964. Cf. pp. 274-84.

LACOSTE, YVES. "La grande oeuvre d'Ibn Khaldoun," La Pensie (Paris), LXIX (1956), 10-33.

LEVI DELLA VIDA, GIORGIO. Review of F. Rosenthal's translation of the Muqaddimah, Oriente Moderno (Rome), XXXVIlI (1958), 1005-7.

LEWIS, BERNARD. "The Muslim Discovery of Europe," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (London), xx (1957),409-16.

LEWIS, BERNARD and HOLT, P. M., eds. Historians of the Middle East. School of Oriental and African Studies, Historical writing on the peoples of Asia, IV. London, 1962.

LIEBLING, A. J. "The Round of History" (review article), The New Yorker (New York), xxxv (1959), no. 38, 213-41.

MACDONALD, J. "An Arab's Appreciation of Ibn Khaldun and Western Criticism of Islam," The Islamic Literature (Lahore), xi (1959), 187-95.

MADELUNG, WILFRED VON. "Fatimiden and Bahraingarmaten," Der Islam (Berlin), xxxiv (1959), 34-88.

Mahrajan Ibn Khaldun, Casablanca, 1962. Colloque organise par la Faculte des Lettres a Rabat (Universite Mohammad V).

MAHDI, MUHSIN. "Ibn Khaldun" in Approaches to the Oriental Classics. Ed. William Theodore de Bary. New York, 1959. Cf. pp. 68-83.

MAHDI, MUHSIN.. Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History. New York: Phoenix edn., 1964.

MAHDI, MUHSIN.. "Die Kritik der islamischen politischen Philosophie bei Ibn Khaldun," in Wissenschaftliche Politik: eine Einfuhrung in Grundfragen ihrer Tradition and Theorie, Freiburg im B., 1962. Cf. 117-51.

MALLAH, MAHMOD AL-. Dagd'iq wa-hagd'iq fi Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun. Baghdad, 1955.

MALLAH, MAHMOD AL-.. Nazrah thdniyah fi Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun. Baghdad, 1956.

MANZOOR, 'ALAM. See ALAM, MANZOR.

MIGNANELLI, B. DE. See FISCHEL (2).

MULLER, HERBERT JOSEPH. The Loom of History. New York, 1958; London, 1960. Cf. pp. 290 ff. (New York edn.).

MUSA, MuNIR M. General Sociology. Damascus, 1959. Cf. vol. I, 27-36.

NADVI, MEVLANA MUHAMMAD HANIF SAHAB. Afkar-i Ibn Khaldun. Lahore, 1954. Urdu translation of the Muqaddimah.

NASSAR, NASSIF. "Le Maitre d'Ibn KhaldUn: al-Abili" in Studia Islamica, Paris, xx (1965), 103-114.

NICHOLSON, REYNOLDS ALLEYNE. Reprint of "Ibn Khaldun: the dynamics of history" in Introduction to Islamic Civilization. Course syllabus and selected reading by Marshall G. S. Hodgson. Chicago, 1958.3 vols. Cf. H, 490-501.

NOR, MUHAMMAD 'ABD AL-MUN'IM. An Analytical Study of the Sociological Thought of Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1960.

PARVIN-E GONABAD, MUHAMMAD, tr. Mogaddame ye Ebn-e­Khaldun, ta'l f-e `Abdo'r-Rahmdn Ebn-e-I(haldun. Teheran, 1957-1959. Persian translation of the Muqaddimah.

PEARSON, J. D. See Index Islamicus and Supplement.

PERES, HENRI. Le sikcle d'Ibn Khaldoun (VIII/XIV-). (Bibliotheque de l'Institut d'etudes superieures islamique d'Alger.) Algiers, 1960.

PERLMAN, MOSHE. "Ibn Khaldun on Sufism," Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden), xvii (1960), 222-3.

PRAKASH, BUDDHA. The Modern Approach to History. Delhi, 1963 (University Publications).

QUIROS RODRIGUEZ, C. B. "Ibn Jaldun, politico e historiador," Archivos del Instituto de Estudios Africanos (Madrid), vi (1952), no. 24, 7-9.

RALIBY, OSMAN. On the Political and Social Ideas of Ibn Khaldun. Djakarta, 1962. (Indonesian texts.)

RICHTER, GUSTAV. "Medieval Arabic Historiography" (tr. and ed. M. Saber Khan), Islamic Culture (Hyderabad), xxxiii (1959), 148-51; xxxiv (1960), 139-151. Cf. orig. bibl., RICHTER.

RIOWAN, IBRAHIM. Muqaddimah. Selections. Ed. Ahmad Zagi. Cairo, 1960.

RIZVI, ATHAR AHBES. Ibn? Khaladuna ka Mukadama. Lucknow, 1961. Hindi translation of the Muqaddimah.

ROSENTHAL, ERWIN ISAK JAKOB. Political Thought in Medieval Islam: an introductory outline. Cambridge, 1962. Cf. pp. 84-109, 260-8.

ROSENTHAL, FRANZ, tr. Ibn Khaldun, An Introduction to History: The Muqaddimah, ed. and abridged by N. J. Dawood. London, 1967.

SALIBI, KAMAL S. "Listes chronologiques des grands Cadis de l'Egypte sous les Mamelouks," Revue des Etudes Islamiques (Paris), xxv (1957), 81-125.

SALIBI, RUSHDI A. Rajul fi-t-Qdhirah (A Man in Cairo). A fictionalized biography of Ibn Khaldun in Cairo. Kutub li'l-Jami'a, cxv. Cairo, 1957.

SAMIHI, 'ABD AL-KARIM. "Ibn Khaldun and His 'Ta`rif,' " Revue al-Anwdr (Tetuan), (1951), no. 26, 12-13, 19-20.

SAUNDERS, J. J. "The Problem of Islamic Decadence," Cahiers d'Histoire mondiale (Paris), vii (1963), 701-20.

SHARIF, M. M., ed. A History of Muslim Philosophy, with short accounts of other disciplines and the modern Renaissance in Muslim lands. 2 vols. Vol. I, Wiesbaden, 1963. Vol. II (in print). Cf. chs. XLVI, XLIX.

SHERWANI, HAROON KHAN. "Ibn Khaldun-A Life Sketch," Indian Journal of the History of Medicine (Madras), iv (19.59),9-12.

SHIBER, SABA G. "Ibn Khaldun-an early town planner," Middle East Forum (Beirut), xxx (1962), 35-39.

SIKIRIC, SACIR. ^"Ibn Haldunova Prolegomena (Les'Prolegomenes' d'Ibn Haldun)," Prilozi za Orientalnu filologiju i istoriju Jugoslovenskih naroda pod Turskom Vladavinom (Revue de Philologie orientale et d'Histoire des Peuples yougoslaves sous la Domination turque) (Sarajevo), v (1954-1955), 233­50. French summary, p. 250.

SIMON, HEINRICH. Ibn Khalduns Wissenschaft von der menschlichen Kultur. Beitrage zur Orientalistik, 11. Leipzig, 1959.

SOMOGY1, JOSEPH DE. ^"The Development of Arabic Historiogra­phy," Journal of Semitic Studies (Manchester), in (1958), 373-87.

SPULER, BERTOLD. "Ibn Khaldoun, the Historian" in A`mal Mahrajan Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1962. Cf. pp. 349-56.

SUBBA REDDY, D. V. "Sociology of Medicine in the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun," Indian Journal of the History of Medicine (Madras), iv (1959),13-23; v (1960),10-21.

TANJA, MUIJAMMAD IBN TAWIT AT-. "Prolegomenes d'Ibn Khal­doun" in Proceedings of the Twenty-second International Congress of Orientalists, Istanbul, 1951. Leiden, 1957. 2 vols. Cf. ii, 262-3.

TANJA, MUIJAMMAD IBN TAWIT AT-. See also IBN KHALDON (6).

TEKINDAG, M. C. SEHABEDDIN. Berkuk devrinde Memluk Sultanllgi. Istanbul Universitesi Ebebiyat Fakiiltesi Yayinlarindan Mo. DCCCLXXXVII. Istanbul, 1961.

UGAN, ZAKIR KADIRI, tr. Ibni Haldun Mukaddime. Istanbul, 1954­1957.3 vols. Turkish translation of the Mugaddimah.

ULKEN, HILMI ZIYA. "Ibn Khaldoun, Initiateur de la sociologie" in A`mdl Mahrajdn Ibn Khaldun. Cairo, 1962. Cf. pp. 29-40.

WAFT, `ALI `'ABD AL-WAIIID. `Abd ar-Rahmdn Ibn Khaldun, haydtuhu, dtdruhu wa-maxdhir `abgariyyatihi. Cairo, 1962.

WALZER, RICHARD. ^"Aspects of Islamic Political Thought: al­Firabi and Ibn Khaldun," Oriens (Leiden), xvi (1963), 40-60.

WARDI, `ALI AL-. Mantiq Ibn Khaldun fi daw'haddratihi wa­saf siyyatihi; muqaddima li-dirdsdt al-mantiq al-ijtima`i. Cairo, 1962.

WHITE, HAYDEN V. Review of F. Rosenthal's translation of the Muqaddimah, "Ibn Khaldun in World Philosophy of History," Comparative Studies in Society and History (The Hague), II (1959-1960),110-25.

WIET, GASTON. Grandeur de l'Islam: de Mahomet a Franfois I-. Paris, 1961. Cf. pp. 298-306.

WIET, GASTON.. Cairo, City of Art and Commerce. Tr. Seymour Feiler. The Centers of Civilization Series, xvi. Norman (Okla.), 1964.

WOLFSON, HARRY A. "Ibn Khaldun on Attributes and Predesti­nation," Speculum (Cambridge, Mass.), xxxiv (1959), 585­97.

ZIADEH, FARHAT J., tr. The Philosophy of Jurisprudence in Islam. Comparative study of the Islamic rites and modern legal systems, by Sobhi Rajab Mahmassani. Leiden, 1961.