|
1 |
Cf. Issawi, pp.
99 f. |
2 |
See p. lxxv,
above, and 2:417, below. |
3 |
At
the beginning of the work, ed. C. G. Kuhn (Leipzig, 1821-33),
III, 2. See also below, 3:149. |
4 |
Cf. Qur'an 2.30
(28). |
5 |
The
"object" (mawdu`) of a science is the fundamental
elements at its basis, such as quantities (measurements) in
geometry, numbers in arithmetic, substances in physics, and so
on. The object of Ibn Khaldun's new science is human social
organization, or civilization (cf. p. 77, above). See 3:111 f.,
below. For the Avicennian basis of this theory, see, for
instance, A: M. Goichon, Lexique de la philosophie d'Ibn Sind
(Paris, 1938), p. 439, and AN l-Barakat Hibatallah
al-Baghdadi, Mu'tabar (Hyderabad, 1357-58/ 1938-39), I,
221 ff. These fundamental elements of the individual sciences do
not require proof of their existence. The pertinent Aristotelian
passage in this connection (Analytica posteriors 76b
3 ff.), was quoted by de Slane. However, the Arabic
translation, as published by `Abd-ar-Rahman Badawi, Manliq
Aristu (Cairo, 1948-49), II, 339, does not use the term
mawdu` in this context. |
6 |
Cf.
Issawi, pp. 100 f. |
7 |
see p. 84, above |
8 |
Qur'an 20.50(52) |
9 |
"Magians"
originally meant the Zoroastrians. In later Islam they were
considered as people who followed a kind of prophet but did not
have Scriptures like the Christians and the Jews. Thus, they
occupied a position somewhere between the latter and
polytheists. The term was eventually used to denote the general
idea of pagans. Cf. V. F. Buchner in EI, s.v. "Madjus." |
10 |
For
the rather difficult use of hi-khilaf,
cf. also below, p. 400, 1. 15. |
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