233

Cf. Issawi, pp. 47-49. 177

234

 Ibn Khaldun has just mentioned them as belonging to the former group. Cf. A. Schimmel, Ibn Chaldun, p. 26 (n. 9).

235

Cf. pp. 292 f., below.

235a

Aymah means, in particular, "thirsting after milk."

236

Cf. Bombaci, p. 444. Yatta' may be specifically Euphorbia, but below, p. 183, it is used as a general term for alkaloids taken as cathartics.

237

The Merinid of Fez who ruled from 1331 to 1351 and was the predecessor of Abu Inan, under whom Ibn Khaldun came to Fez.

237a

Or, "when breaking their fast." This may be the preferable translation, even though Ibn Khaldun does not seem to think of ascetics in this passage.

238

This remark occurs in an appendix to L. Mercier's translation of Ibn Hudhayl, La Parure des cavaliers (Paris, 1924), p. 355. The author of the appendix, however, is not the fourteenth-century Ibn Hudhayl, or any other old author, but the modern Muhammad Pasha. Cf. GAL, Suppl., II, 887.

239

That is, people familiar with works on agriculture such as the Falahah an-Nabatiyah; cf. 3:151 f., below. Cf. also n. 151 to Ch. iv.