13

Cf. Issawi, pp. 81 f.

14

But contrast below, p. 266.

15

Ibn Khaldun is probably thinking of political exile and retirement in the country such as he experienced himself when writing the Muqaddimah.

15a

The pronouns are as ambiguous in Arabic as they are in English, and, were it not for the context, would be understood to mean the opposite of what they are intended to mean.