|
|
|
247 |
Ibn
Khaldun speaks here of prophets in general (whether one reads
li-nabi as in
Bulaq or li-n-nabi as in the MSS), although it is
Muhammad who is primarily meant. |
|
248 |
Lit., "He is ma'sum, has 'ismah,
against . . .; cf. p. 185, above. |
|
249 |
Ibn
Khaldun found all this material in the relevant chapter of the
heresiographers he mentions below, p. 414. Cf., for instance,
ash-Shahrastani, Kitab al-milal
wa-n-nihal, ed. Cureton (London,
1842-46) p. 122 f.; tr. T. Haarbrilcker (Halle, 1850-51), 1, 184
ff. |
|
250 |
For
the famous hadith
of Ghadir Khumm, cf. I. Goldziher,
Muhammedanische Studien
(Halle, 1888-90), II, 116. |
|
251 |
Qur'an 4.59 (62). |
|
252 |
Cf.
p. 396, above. The decisive role Ali in this matter is, of
course, a Shi'ah view. Cf., for instance, al-Ya'qubi, Ta'rikh,
ed. Houtsma (Leiden, 1883), II, 138, where 'Ali himself
stopped the movement in his favor, or the
Risalat as-Saqifah
of Abu Hayyan at-Tawhidi, ed. l. al-Kaylani, Trois
Epitres (Damascus,
1951). |
|
253 |
Surah 9.
Cf.
Ibn Hisham,
Sirah,
p. 921. |
|
254 |
Just
before the Prophet's death, Usamah prepared an expedition to
Syria, for which many of the old guard of Islam, including Abu
Bakr and 'Umar, volunteered, but it did not come off. Cf. Ibn
Hisham, Sirah, p.
999, and, with more detail, Ibn
Sayyid-an-nas,'Uydn al-athar,
II, 281 ff. |
|
255 |
The
occasion was the raid of Dhit as-salisil, in 629.
Cf. Ibn Hisham, Sirah, p. 984; at-Tabari,
Annales, I,
1604. |
|
256 |
The
Isma'liyah, on the other hand, were of the opinion that an
inferior person could not be imam. Cf. W. Ivanow,
A Creed of the Fatimids
(Bombay, 1936), p.
41. Cf. also below, p. 432. |
|
257 |
On
the Shi'ah sects, cf. also, briefly, 'Ibar,
III, 360 f. |
|
258 |
Cf. C. van Arendonk in
El, s.v. "Kaisiniya." |
|
259 |
The word "problem, proposition"
(gadiyah) is simplified
in Bulaq to "story" (gissah).
For the legend of al-Khidr, who gained
eternal life, cf. A. J. Wensinck in EI,
s.v. "al-Khadir." In connection with
this passage, cf.
also I. Goldziher,
Abhandlungen zur arabischen Philologie
(Leiden, 1899),
II, LXIV. |
|
260 |
These opinions are ascribed to an alleged sect called as-Saba'iyah,
after a certain 'Abdallah b. Saba'. Cf., for instance, ash-Shahrastani,
Kitab al-milal wa-n-nihal, pp. 132
f.; tr. Haarbrucker, I, 200. Cf.
also below, 2:175. |
|
261 |
Cf GAL, I, 48; Suppl., I, 79; and 3:383
and 404,
below. The verses are found in his
Diwan, ed. H. Peres (Algiers & Paris,
1930), II, 185 ff. They are quoted not only in the
heresiographers but also by many other authors with whose works
Ibn Khaldun was familiar, such as al-Mas'udi,
Muruj adh-dhahab, V, 182; Abu t-Faraj
al-Isfahini, Kitab al-Aghani, VIII,
32 (Bulaq ed.); (Cairo, 1345/1927), IX, 14f.; Ibn 'Abdrabbih,
'Iqd, 1, 203; II, 234. Cf. the references in the
Mukhtavar of
al-Baghdadi's Kitab al farq bayn al-firaq,
ed. P. K. Hitti (Cairo, 1924), p. 38.
The "grandsons" of the Prophet are al-Hasan, al-Husayn,
and Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyah, according to the generally
accepted interpretation. However, the last-mentioned was not a
grandson of Mubammad's. It is possible that the verses actually
did not refer to Ibn al-Hanafiyah but to the alleged third son
of Mubammad's daughter Fatimah, al-Muhsin, who died very young,
and that they were later transferred to the historical
personality of Ibn al-Hanafiyah. |
|
262 |
Cf.
pp. 412 ff, below. |
|
263 |
Cf.
2:159 ff., below. |
|
264 |
Cf.
R. Dozy in Journal asiatique, XIV
6 (1869), 156 f. |
|
265 |
Cf.
surah 18 and
Qur'an 2.259 (261) and 2.67 ff. (63 ff). |
|
266 |
Isma'il b. Mubammad, d. 178 or 179 [794/95 or
795/961. Cf. GAL, I, 83; Suppl.,1, 133. |
|
267 |
Cf. p. 133, above, and p. 420, below. Ibn al-Athir,
Kamil, V, 25, anno
100, adds that this region belongs to the
Belga' in Syria. |
|
268 |
Cf.
also 'Ibar, III, 100 ff. |
|
268a |
Cf.
n. 220 to this chapter, above. |
|
269 |
This
happened in 122 [7401. Cf. also 'Ibar, III, 98 ff.
Al-Kunasah is a part of al-Kufah. |
|
270 |
Cf. also 2:210, below, and 'Ibar, III,
104 f. |
|
271 |
Ibrahim was killed at Bakhamra in 145 [763]. Cf.
Abu 1-Faraj alIsfahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyin (Cairo,
1368/1949), pp. 315-80. |
|
272 |
Cf.
2:203 and 209 f., below. |
|
273 |
Another "b. 'Ali" appears in A and B (apparently
specifically marked in B as correct) and in C. In D it is
deleted. The event mentioned happened in 219 1894]. Cf.
Abul-Faraj al-Isfahani, Maqatil ai-Talibiyin, pp.
577 ff. Cf. also 'Ibar, III, 257. |
|
274 |
Cf.
'Ibar, III,
so l f. |
|
275 |
Cf.
'Ibar, IV, 12 ff. Cf. also above, pp. 47 ff. |
|
276 |
Cf.
'Ibar, III,
285, 366 f. Al-Utrush died in 304 [917]. |
|
277 |
Cf.
p. 408, above. |
|
278 |
Moses' vocation was continued by the descendants
of Aaron, although Aaron died before Moses. Cf. also pp. 473 f.,
below. |
|
279 |
Cf.
p. 45, above. |
|
280 |
That
is, the non-Arab 'Iraq, or western Persia. |
|
281 |
Muhammad b. 'Abd-al-Karim, d. 548 11153]. Cf.
GAL, I, 428 f.;
Suppl., I, 762 f. Cf. his Kitab al-milal
wa-n-nihal, pp. 150 ff.; (tr.) I, 225 ft. |
|
282 |
Cf.
pp. 434 f., below. |
|
283 |
Cf. p. 408,
above. |
|
284 |
Ali
b. Mutiammad, 384-456 (993-10641. Cf. GAL, 1, 399 f.;
Suppl., I, 692 ff. |
|
285 |
Qur'an 16.93 (95); 35.8 (9); 74.31 (34). |
|
|