38

Cf. pp. 313 f., above.

39

In the preceding section.

40

Qur'an 43.32 (31). Ibn Khaldun's text, as translated, contains some slight variations from the Qur'an. He was probably influenced by other verses, such as 6.165 (165) and 25.20 (21). In Bulaq and D, the exact text has been re-established.

41

Since the plural suffix has been used just a few lines above with reference to bashar "human beings," it would have been more consistent here to say aghradihim instead of aghradihi.

42

That is, at any time.

43

"Since . . . inheritance" is not found in Bulaq.

44

Cf. 3:109 and 300, below, and Ibn Khaldun's Zahiriyah lecture, Autobiography, p. 286. Variants of this famous tradition are quoted by H. Masse in Journal asiatique, CCIII (1923), 330.

45

A, C, and D read mu'tazzuna, as translated. Mughtarruna "are deceived by" is also possible.

46

Bulaq: "compete with the dynasty."

47

Bulaq: "(All) faces and thoughts."