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263 |
The section on the principles of
jurisprudence has been translated by J: D. Luciani, "La
Theorie du droit musulman (Ougoul el fiqh) d'apres Ibn Khaldun"
in Revue africaine, LXIX (1928), 49-64. |
264 |
Luciani suggests "les dispositions deja consacrees" = "precedent
cases," but nusus "texts" evidently refers here to the
established texts of the Qur'an and the Sunnah. |
265 |
As,
for instance, 'urf "common usage," or some subdivisions
of the use of opinion, such as istislah "considerations
of the general welfare." Cf. I. Goldziher,
Die Zahiriten, pp. 204-6; J.
Schacht in EI,
s.v. "Usul." |
266 |
Leg. fa-li-l-ijma`? |
267 |
Cf.
2:447 f., above. |
268 |
For
bayan, cf. pp.
332 ff., below. |
269 |
Cf.,
for instance, p. 346, below. |
270 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 454. |
271 |
Cf
p. 331, below. The statement means what it says, even though in
jurisprudence, analogical reasoning occasionally leads to
deducing some particular meaning for a word that it is not
otherwise known to have. |
272 |
Cf.
Ibn Hazm, al-Ihkam fi usu1 al-ahkam (Cairo,
1845-48/1926-80), I, 51. "Zayd and `Amr came" may mean that they
came together, or that the one came earlier or later-by some
indefinite measure of time-than the other. The
Mahsul of Fakhr-ad-din
ar-Razi, with which Ibn Khaldun was well acquainted, contains
lengthy discussions of this and the other principles mentioned. |
273 |
Cf.,
for instance, I. Goldziher, Die Zahiriten, pp.
71 ff. |
274 |
Cf. p. 4, above. Luciani, op. cit., p. 59 (n. 9),
translates the Arabic term as "disposition formelle indiquant la
raison d'une qualification." |
275 |
Cf.,
for instance, 2:444, above. |
276 |
This refers to
the principle mentioned on p. 27. |
277 |
Abdallah ('Ubaydallah) b. 'Umar, d. 430 [1038/39]. Cf. GAL, I,
175; Suppl., I, 296 f. |
278 |
Abd-al-Jabbar b. Ahmad al-Asadabadi, d. 415 [1025]. Cf. GAL,
Suppl., I, 343 f. The title of
the work is given as above in A, B, C, and D, with A, C, and D
also indicating the vocalization. Bulaq reads
al-'Ahd. |
279 |
Muhammad b. 'All, d. 436 [1044]. Cf., for
instance, al-Khatib alBaghdadi,
Ta'rikh Baghdad, III, l00; Ibn al-Jawzi,
Muntazam, VIII,
126 f.; Ibn Hajar, Lisan al-Mizan,
V, 298; Ibn al-'Imad,
Shadharat, III, 259. |
280 |
Cf.
GAL, I, 506 (No. 3), and above,
1:402. |
281 |
Ali
b. Abi 'Ali, d. 631 [1233]. Cf. GAL, I, 393;
suppl., I, 678. Cf. P. 148, below. |
282 |
Mahmud b. Abi Bakr, 594-682 [1197/98-1283]. Cf.
GAL, I, 467; Suppl.,
I, 848 f., 921. |
283 |
Muhammad b. al-Hasan, d. 656 [1258]. Cf. GAL, Suppl., I,
921. |
284 |
Cf.
2:429 (n. 49), above. |
285 |
Abdallah b. 'Umar, thirteenth century. Cf. GAL, I, 416
ff.; Suppl., I, 738 ff. |
286 |
Cf.
p. 19, above. |
287 |
Ali b. Muhammad, d. 482 [10891. Cf. GAL, I,
373; Suppl., I, 637f. He is usually called
Fakhr-al-Islam. |
288 |
Ahmad b. 'Ali, d. after 1291. Cf. GAL, I, 982 f.;
Suppl., I, 658. |
289 |
I.
Goldziher's suggestion, Die Zahiriten,
p. 27 (n. 1), that the subject be
investigated in its bibliographical aspect, has not yet been
followed up. |
290 |
Cf.
p. 3, above. |
291 |
Cf.,
for instance, 2:433, above. |
292 |
Cf. al-Murtada, lthaf
as-sadah (Cairo, 1311/1893-94), 1,
43:. ".. , al-Ma'dkhidh
on controversial questions existing between
Hanafites and Shafi'ites." C and D seem to suggest the reading
al-Ma'khadh (?). |
293 |
Cf,
p. 10 (n. 186), above. |
294 |
Cf.
p. 14 (n. 214), above. |
295 |
Cf. Bombaci, p. 454. It does not seem quite
certain whether Mukhtasar
is a title or just refers to a "brief" work on
the subject. |
296 |
Makhsuman, as in A, B, and C. |
297 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 455. |
298 |
Muhammad b. Muhammad, d. 615 [1218]. Cf. GAL,
I, 439 f.; suppl.,
I, 785 f. |
299 |
His priority is stated by Ibn Khallikan,
Wafayat (Cairo,
1299/1882), II, 270 f.; tr. W. M. de Slane (Paris, 1843-71), II,
660; also by 'Abd-alQadir al-Qurashi,
al-Jawahir al-mudiyah (Hyderabad,
1332/1913-14), II, 128. |
300 |
Umar b. Muhammad,
d. 537 (1142]. Cf. GAL, I, 427 f.; Suppl., I,
758 ff. |
301 |
Qur'an
12.21 (21). |
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