|
686 |
Cf. also pp. 246
ff. and 295
ff., below. |
687 |
Cf Issawi, pp.
167 f. |
688 |
Cf. Bombaci, p.
457. |
689 |
Hukmi is
added in C supra lineam, and in
the text of D. Cf. P. 248,
below. |
690 |
Cf. pp. 115
f.,
above; pp. 153
and 249,
below. |
691 |
Al fass.
The word occurs in individual titles of
Aristotle's works on logic in Arabic. Cf. Ibn an-Nadim, Fihrist
(Cairo,
1348/1929-30), pp. 368 and 370.
However, it is not commonly used
for the Organon, and I am not sure from which author (Averroes)
cf. below, p. 254)
Ibn Khaldun derived it. Cf. also
E. I. J. Rosenthal in al-Andalus, XX (1955),
80.
Among the most recent works concerned
with Arabic translations of the so-called Organon, we may mention
the work by 'Abd-ar-Rabmin Badawi, of which three volumes have appeared
so far (Cairo, 1948-),
and the publication of Porphyry's
Isagoge by A. F. al-Ahwani (Cairo,
1371/1952). Cf., in particular, R.
Walzer, "New Light on the Arabic Translations of Aristotle,"
Oriens,
VI (1953),
91-142.
|
691a |
"Three" appears in A, possibly as a
correction of an erased word. B, C, and D have "four." This seems to be
an error on the part of Ibn Khaldun, who was thinking of the Eisagoge
and included it in his count. Bulaq corrects the following "five" to
"four," which is nonsensical. |
692 |
The Arabic word used here should probably
be read al-mu'arrifat, and not, as might be thought at first
glance, al-ma'rifat "various kinds of knowledge," even though
Aristotle speaks about gnosis right at the beginning of the work. |
693 |
Cf p. 145,
below. |
694 |
In contrast
to syllogisms based on logical judgment. Cf. F. Gabrieli, "Estetica e poesia araba
nell'interpretazione della Poetica Aristotelica presso Avicenna e
Averroe," Rivista degli studi orientali, XII
(1929-30), 298. |
695 |
The remainder of this sentence and
the next one are not found in Bulaq. |
696 |
The reference is to Porphyry's Isagoge
and the pente fwnai
(quinque voces):
-gnoz (genus);
diafora (differentia);
eidoz
(species);
idion
(proprium);
and
sumbebhkoz
(accidens).
Cf. again, p. 145, below. |
697 |
The beginning of the section on logic
from the Shifa' has been published by I. Madkur, M. al-Khudayri,
M.-M. Anawati, and A. F. al-Ahwani (Cairo, 1371/1952), as the
first volume of the planned publication of the whole Shifd'. The
section on al-Burhan
(Apodeictica),
published by 'Abd-arRabmin Badawi,
appeared in Cairo in 1954. |
698 |
The
"whereas" clause is not found in Bulaq. |
699 |
Cf. 1:402, above. |
700 |
Mubammad b. Nimwar, 690-646
[1194-1248]. Cf. GAL, I,
463;
Suppl.,
I, 838. His Jumal were
discussed in the circle of Ibn Khaldun's friends, as we learn from Ibn
al-Khatib, al-Ihatah fi akhbar Gharnalah
(Cairo, 1319/ 1901), II, 158 f.
Ibn Khaldun himself knew them by heart; cf. p. 396, below. |
701 |
The works I checked indicate the titles
of the last two works as al-Mujiz and al-Jumal, without
mukhtasar. The word mukhtasar, as it is used here, cannot
mean "brief work" (which would be correct), but only "abridgement of a
work entitled Mujiz, etc." (which would not be correct). |
702 |
The following discussion, to the end of
the section (p. 147), is not found in Bulaq. |
703 |
Cf.
1:394,
and pp. 44 and 63, above. |
704 |
Cf. pp.
48 f., above. The reference is to the four attributes of power,
knowledge, life, and volition. |
705 |
Cf. p.
146,
below, where Ibn Khaldun speaks about the outside existence of
natural quiddities and their universals. This appears to be meant here. |
706 |
Cf. p.
51, above. |
707 |
Cf. S.
Munk, Melanges de philosophic
juive et arabe
(Paris,
1869), pp. 397 ff. |
708 |
Cf. p. 51, above. The reversed statement in this case would be:
Since the
articles of faith are correct, the arguments proving them must be correct.
|
709 |
Cf. p. 142, above. |
710 |
Cf. p. 141, above. |
711 |
A1-qiyas as-suri.
My
limited knowledge of Arabic logic prevents me from stating whether, or
where, this expression may occur as a technical term for some kind of
syllogism. However, it may not be a technical term, in which case the
above translation may render the thought perfectly well: the only thing
that remains is studying the forms of syllogism, not their matter. |
712 |
Cf. at-Tahanawi, Kashshaf
istilahat al-funun, pp. 904 f. |
713 |
Cf. pp. 50 f., above. |
714 |
Cf. Bombaci, p. 458. |
|
|