|
1011 |
This
correct translation of filosofoz
was well known to the Arabs. Cf., for instance, Sa`id al-Andalusi,
Tabaqat al-umam,
tr. Blachere, p. 58. |
1012 |
Cf.
p. 137, above. |
1013 |
Cf. p. 138, above. |
1014 |
This
refers to the sphere of the earth, the seven spheres of the
planets, the sphere of the fixed stars, and the tenth, the
highest, divine sphere. Cf., for instance, the
pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum, tr. from the
Arabic in Roger Bacon, Opera hactenus inedita (Oxford,
1920), V, 228. |
1015 |
This
refers to ethics as a part of philosophy. |
1016 |
Cf.
1:275 (n. 75), and pp. 115 f., 139, and 153, above. |
1017 |
Lit., "if the responsibility for . . . had been taken (tukuffila)
for him by others." That is, while Aristotelian logic is
acceptable, Aristotelian theological opinions are objectionable. |
1018 |
Lit., "as one shoe is fashioned after the other." |
1019 |
For
the following remarks, cf. pp. 115 f., above. |
1020 |
Bulaq has the strange addition of "the Buyid Nizam-al-mulk,"
which perhaps is a mistake of Ibn Khaldun's first draft? The
Buyid he would have had in mind could be Taj-al-mulk (Taj-ad-dawlah),
but the Kakoyid 'Ala'ad-dawlah, ruler of Isfahan, who was
Avicenna's patron in his later years, would be more likely. |
1021 |
Qur'an 16.8 (8). |
1022 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 461. |
1023 |
Bulaq: "The judgments . . . are universal and general." |
1024 |
"But . . . intelligibilia" is found only
in Bulaq, but, in view of pp. 137 f. and 247, above, and p. sto,
below, appears to be the correct text. |
1025 |
Cf.
p. 169, above. |
1026 |
The
remainder of the sentence is not found in Bulaq. |
1027 |
Cf.
1:207 ff., and pp. 103 ft., above. For
wijdani in this passage, cf. the
remark made in n. 277 to Ch. 1, above. |
1028 |
Cf.
p. 144, above. |
1029 |
S.
van den Bergh, Umriss der Muhammedanischen Wissenschaften
nach Ibn Haldun (Leiden, 1912), p. 26, suggests Plato's
Timaeus as the source of this quotation, apparently
referring to Timaeus 28 C: "It is difficult to find out
about the maker and father of this universe, and it is
impossible for anyone who has found out about him, to tell
everybody else." Clement of Alexandria, after quoting this
passage, adds: "For he cannot be
named like all the other things that can be known." Cf.
Stromateis, ed. Stahlin, II, 377. Porphyry, in his
Philosophus Historia, ascribes to Plato the belief that "one
cannot give (the one God) a fitting name, nor can human
understanding encompass Him, and the names by which the moderns
address Him are metaphorical expressions (katachristikos
katigorein)." Cf. Cyrillus Contra Julianum
xxii (p. 549 A of the ed. Migne); F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente
dergriechischen Historiker, II, 1211. The passage
from Porphyry seems to be the ultimate source of Ibn Khaldun.
(Cf., in general, H. A. Wolfson, "The Knowability and
Describability of God in Plato and Aristotle," Harvard
Studies in Classical Philology, LVI-LVII [1947], 233-49.) |
1030 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 462. |
1031 |
Cf.
Issawi, pp. 176-79. |
1032 |
Cf.,
for instance, pp. 81 f., above. |
1033 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 462. |
1034 |
Cf.
p. 139, above. |
1035 |
"In this world"
is not found in Bulaq. |
1036 |
I.e., promised by Islam as the reward of the believer in the
other world. |
1037 |
Cf.
p. 37, above. |
1038 |
Qur'an 23.36 (38). The verse is meant to apply here to the false
promises of the philosophers. |
1039 |
This
quotation has been traced by E. I. J. Rosenthal to
Avicenna De Almahad
(Venice, 1546). Cf. al-Andalus, XX (1955), p. 80.
The Risalah
adhawiyah fi amr al-ma'ad (Cairo,
1368/1949) contains nothing that could properly be compared to
Ibn Khaldun's summary. |
1040 |
Bulaq corrects
"people of the world" to "scholars." |
1041 |
I.e., the craft of logic or philosophy, and not "they" referring
to "doctrines and opinions." |
1042 |
Cf. R. Dozy in Journal
asiatique, XIV6 (1869), 166 f.
Ibn Khaldun expressed himself in a similar vein with regard to
the Qur'an commentary by az-Zamakhshari; cf. 2:447, above. |
1043 |
Qur'an
7.48 (41). |
|
|