|
1071 |
Cf.
pp. 227 ff., above. |
1072 |
Cf.
1:228 f. and 2:920, above. |
1073 |
Sic!
One would expect "they." |
1074 |
C: zuhira 'ala khab'ihi.
D has khabiyatin. B seems to have
khaybatin "if failure becomes apparent." |
1075 |
Or
"used as the basis." |
1076 |
Cf.
p. 227, above. |
1077 |
Cf.
(Pseudo-) Majriti, Ghayah, pp. 7 f. |
1078 |
Bulaq: "which includes." |
1079 |
Cf.
p. 175, above, and p. 278, below. |
1080 |
Cf.
p. 229, above, where al-Mughayribi is called Ibn al-Mughayribi. |
1081 |
Cf.
i:xlii, above. |
1082 |
Cf. E. 0. von Lippmann,
Enstehung and Aushreitung der Alchemie,
pp. s ff. |
1083 |
Cf.
2:320 f., above. |
1084 |
Sic B (al-aghniyd'). C
and D have "stupid" (al-aghbiyd'). The latter may
actually be more in keeping with Ibn Khaldun's thinking, because
"rich" farmers would be most unusual. |
1085 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 465, who suggests: "and invent new tricks." |
1086 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 465. |
1087 |
An
alloy, considered to be of Chinese provenience, the exact
composition of which is not known. Cf. P. Kraus, Jabir Ibn
Hayyan, II, 22; A. Siggel, Arabisch-Deutsches
Warterbuch der Stoffe (Berlin, 1960), p. 79. |
1088 |
Fasl, diafora,
a term of Aristotelian logic (cf. p. 142, above), could here and
in the following discussion be rendered approximately by
"structure." |
1089 |
Cf.
al-Farabi, Fi wujub sina'at al-kimiya',
ed. Aydin Sayth in Belleten, XV
(1951), 65-79; tr. E. Wiedemann in
Journal fur praktische Cliemie, N.F.
LXXVI (1907), 115-23. The brief treatise deals
mainly with the problem of why works on alchemy are written so
as to be comprehensible only to the initiated. (Cf. n. 1099,
below.) Only very briefly at the end is reference made to
(pseudo-) Aristotle's opinion that all noncombustible metals are
of one species and differentiated only by their accidents. Cf.
also Hajji Khallfah, Kashf az-zunun, ed. Flugel, V, 272
f., where al-Farabi is quoted following Ibn Bajjah, and
reference is also made to Avicenna's theory. |
1090 |
The
relevant passages from Avicenna's Shifa' are dealt with
by E. J. Holmyard and D. C. Mandeville, Avicennae de
congelatione et conglutinatione lapidum, being sections of the
Kitab al-Shifa' (Paris, 1927), pp. 5 ff, 41 f., 54
f., 85 f. In his "Refutation of the Astrologers," Avicenna also
briefly condemned alchemy. Cf. A. F. Mehren in Homenaje a D.
Francisco Codera (Saragossa, 1904), p. 238. A recent
publication by A. Ate§, "Ibn Sina ve Elkimya," in Ilahiyat
Fakultesi Dergisi, I 4 (1952), 47-71, probably
contains important material on Avicenna's attitude toward
alchemy. A recent article by Adnan Adivar, in the
M. Shah Presentation Volume, is
also said to deal with the same subject. |
1091 |
For
the problem of spontaneous and artificial generation in Muslim
alchemy, see the important third chapter in P. Kraus, Jabir
Ibn Hayyan, II, 97 ff. For the generatio aequivoca
of snakes, scorpions, and bees (bugonia), cf.,
esp., II, 106 f. Cf. also E. 0. von Lippmann, Urzeugung and
Lebenskraft (Berlin, 1983). |
1092 |
In
the sense of "experts in works such as the
Nabataean Agriculture." |
1093 |
The
following five lines are omitted by Bulaq. |
1094 |
One
would expect al-Farabi instead of Avicenna. |
1095 |
Above, 2:212, we find a discussion of the "great conjunction,"
which is said to reoccur in cycles of 960 years and which must
be something different from the great solar revolution mentioned
here. The figures for the "great year" that are mentioned by
Pseudo-Plutarch, Placita philosophorum
892 C, are different from Ibn
Khaldun's figure. The Placita
were well known to the Arabs. Cf. the edition
of the Arabic translation by `Abd-ar-Ra1:3man Badawl,
Aristotelis De anima (Cairo, 1954), p. 141. |
1096 |
As
indicated in the Qur'an. Cf. 2:368 and 425, above. |
1097 |
Cf.
2:415, above, where the statement is cited according to its
correct form. |
1098 |
Cf.
pp. 272 f., above. |
1099 |
According to al-Farabi, op. cit.
(n. 1089, above), the alchemists
reserved their writings for the initiated because a mass
production of gold and silver would make "social organization"
impossible and deprive gold and silver of their "necessary role
in mutual business dealings." |
1100 |
Cf. p. 268,
above. |
1101 |
Cf.
1:356 and 2:242, above. |
1102 |
Cf.
p. 102, above. |
1103 |
The
strange al-mawdud is attested by the MSS. Bulaq corrects
it to al-mawdad "matters." This might be a necessary
correction (?). |
1104 |
Cf.
1:191, above. |
1105 |
Cf.
Qur'an 5.110 (110), where the last words read: "with my
permission." The phrase "with the permission of God" is found in
the parallel passage, Qur'an 3.49 (43). |
1106 |
Qur'an 11.92 (
94). |
1107 |
Cf.
2:516, above. |
1108 |
Bulaq: "nonexistence." |
1109 |
Cf. Bombaci, p. 465, who translates: " . . .
motive of suspicion that invalidates the theories of the people
who . . ." |
1110 |
Qur'an 51.58 (58). |
|
|