|
1335 |
Ibn
Khaldun is thinking here of Bedouin Arabic. |
1336 |
Cf.
p. 415, below. |
1337 |
Bisat
al-hal "the circumstances." |
1338 |
Cf. p. 341,
above. |
1339 |
He
died in 149 [766/671. Cf. GAL, I,
98 f.; Suppl., I, 158. For the story, Cf. pp. 333
f., above. |
1340 |
A
and B have "methods and power." |
1341 |
Cf.
pp. 397 f., below. |
1342 |
Cf.
Issawi, pp. 150 f. For the traditional picture of the corruption
of the Arabic language, to which Ibn Khaldun has already alluded
many times in the preceding pages, see, for instance, Majd-ad-din
Ibn al-Athir, Nihayah, 1, 4: "Among (the early Muslims,)
the Arabic language was preserved in a form that was correct and
unaffected by defects and errors. Then, the great cities were
conquered. The Arabs mixed with peoples of other races, such as
the Byzantines, the Persians, the Abyssinians, the Nabataeans [Aramaicspeaking
Iraqis], and other peoples whose countries were conquered by the
Muslims with the help of God and whose property and persons fell
to them as the prize of conquest. In consequence, the different
parties intermingled, the languages became mixed, and the idioms
interpenetrated. A new generation grew up. They learned as much
Arabic and Arabic idiom as they needed for conversation and as
was indispensable to them in discussion. They had no need for
anything else. They had little interest in anything that would
call for a (deeper study of Arabic). Therefore they neglected it
completely. Thus (the Arabic language,) which had been one of
the most important subjects of study and an obligatory
necessity, was rejected and avoided and came to be considered as
of no account. . . . (By the time a second generation appeared)
the Arabic language had become un-Arabic, or nearly so...." |
1343 |
Bulaq does not have the relative clause. |
1344 |
Modern scholarship, in fact, assumes that South Arabic qayl
is derived from the same root as qawl. |
1345 |
The
text should probably be corrected to
hamala(t) 'ala dhalika.
Bulaq suggests: hamala dhalika 'ala.
A has
wa-hamala . . . |
1346 |
The
following reference to the pronunciation of k is found in Bulaq,
and in the margins of C and D. The clause at the end ("as it is
. . .") also appears in the other text, where it belongs to the
preceding sentence, and this may be its original and correct
position. |
1347 |
The
MSS usually do not have a dot under the
k, which would indicate
a sound like g. Such a dot under the k
is, however, found in C in the passage
below, p. 349,1. 32, which appears in C on a separately inserted
sheet. |
1348 |
The
Arab authorities disagree as to whether 'Aylan was the father of
Qays, or whether 'Aylin was added to the name of Qays as an
epithet. Cf., for instance, Ibn Hazm,
Jamharat ansab al-'Arab (Cairo,
1368/1948), pp. 232 ff:; Lisan al-'Arab, XIII,
519. |
1349 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 468. |
1350 |
The
express reference to the Banu Kahlan is not found in Bulaq. |
1351 |
Qur'an 1.6 (5). |
1352 |
The
remainder of the section is not found in Bulaq. C has it on an
inserted sheet. |
|
|