|
1438 |
The text
found in Bulaq, A, and B (fihi
. . . maqsudahum min kalamihim)
is
better
than that in C and D, which has
fihi
crossed
out and reads kalamina
instead of kalamihim,
which
makes no sense. |
1439 |
Thus, as
some people really believe (cf. p. 382, below), poetry may not exist in
other languages than Arabic. Ibn Khaldun does not himself believe this;
cf. p. 382 and, especially, pp. 412 f. Still, it is hardly correct to
suggest, as Bombaci does (p. 469), that Ibn Khaldun is here saying that
he is justified in restricting the discussion to Arabic poetry because
of the different character of poetic expression in other languages. |
1440 |
Cf. p.
304 (n. 1186), above. |
1441 |
De Slane thinks of shubah
"doubts (as to the technical character of the Arab poet's poetical
habits)," and Bombaci, p. 469,
suggests shibh
"a
semblance." C and D suggest the reading
shabahun.
However,
a derivation from the root sh-b-h
seems
hardly possible. Therefore it may be suggested that Ibn Khaldun
originally wrote shiyatun
"mark,
marking, detail." He used the word also above, 1:371, I. 10, and 2:73
(n. 611). |
1442 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 469. |
1443 |
The
discussion of uslub
continues
down to p. 381. |
1444 |
The metaphors of mold and loom are repeated again and again in the following
pages. The metaphor of the loom, in particular, is common in Arabic. |
1445 |
Cf. p. 335, above. |
1446 |
"Any" (kull) is added in the margin of C
and in the text of D. |
1447 |
A verse by an-Nabighah adh-Dhubyani. Cf.
pp. 397 and 410, below. Cf. H. Derenbourg in
Journal asiatique,
X116 (1868), 301. Ibn Khaldun certainly
did not collect these verses by himself but derived them from an older
work that remains to be determined. |
1448 |
I
have not so far succeeded in
identifying the author of this verse. Doubtless he is a very famous
poet, like the others quoted here. |
1449 |
A verse by Imru'u-l-Qays, from the
beginning of his famous
mu'allaqah.
Cf.
p. 410, below. |
1450 |
The author of this verse is still
unidentified. Cf. n. 1448, above. |
1451 |
Another verse by Imru'u-l-qays, which is
quoted by the geographers under al-'Azl.
The word "houses" does not fit the meter.
The original text has "litters." Cf, the poet's
Diwan,
ed. and tr. W. M. de Slane (Paris, 1837),
p. 47 (text), p. 70 (tr.). |
1452 |
A verse by Abu Tammam. Cf. Kitab
al-Aghani (Bulaq, 1285/1868), XV, 105. |
1453 |
Another verse by Abu Tammam. Cf, his
Diwan
(Beirut, n.d.), p. 211. |
1454 |
Another verse by Abu Tammam. Cf. Kitab al-Aghani, IX, 98; XV, 107. |
1455 |
This is a verse by
ash-Sharif ar-Radi. Cf. his Diwan (Baghdad,
1306/1889), p. 155. |
1456 |
Ibid., p.
267. |
1457 |
A frequently quoted verse by
al-Fari'ah bint Tarif, from the elegy in which she mourned her brother
al-Walid b. Tarif, who was killed by Yazid b. Mazyad, a general under
Harun ar-Rashid. Cf. Ibn 'Abdrabbih, 'Iqd (Cairo,
1305/1887), II, 19;
Kitab al-Aghani,
XI,
8
ff., quoted in T. Noldeke and A.
Miller, Delectus carminum Arabicorum (Berlin, 1890;
repr. 1933), p.
99; ad-Dimashqi, al-Isharah ila
mahasin at-tijarah, tr. H. Ritter in
Der Islam,
VII
(1917), 61. Ibn Khaldan quotes the
verse again, 'Ibar, III,
169. |
1458 |
Ash-Sharif ar-Radi, Diwan, p.
207. |
1459 |
Bulaq, A,
and B have fi:
"with
regard to." |
1460 |
Cf. Issawi, p. 154. |
1461 |
Cf. Bombaci, p. 470.
The reference is apparently to pp.
958 ff., above. |
1462 |
Bulaq has "Arabic philology" instead of "word endings (grammar)." In C and D, "or" replaces an earlier
"and." |
1463 |
Cf. pp. 368 ff., above. |
1464 |
"To us" is not found in Bulaq. |
1465 |
Cf. Ibn Rashiq, 'Umdah, I,
99
(Ch. xviii). |
1466 |
The lines following, down to "poetry" (1.
19), are not in Bulaq. |
1467 |
This refers to meter, while the following
phrase refers to the internal rhyme of the first
verse of a poem, and to rhyme in general. |
1468 |
Cf. Bombaci,
p. 470,
who
stresses the fact that Ibn Khaldun explains his definition in logical
terminology. |
1469 |
Bulaq: "the Arabs"
(instead of "poetry"). |
1470 |
For
al-Mutanabbi', cf. GAL, I, 86
ff.;
Suppl., I,
138 fl: For Abul-'Ala' al-Ma'arri, cf. GAL, I, 254
ff; suppl., I, 449. The latter's
millenary celebration in 1944 inspired an
especially large amount of literature on him, and some of his works were
published. Cf. also p. 386, below. |
1471 |
Cf. p. 373, above, and pp.
412 f., below. |
1472 |
Cf. pp. 392 ff., below. |
1473 |
Umar b. Abi
Rabi'ah. Cf. GAL, I,
45 ff.;
Suppl.,
1, 76 ff. |
1474 |
Cf. GAL, I,
48; Suppl., I, 79. Cf. also 1:407, above, and below. |
1475 |
Cf. GAL, I,
58 f.;
Suppl.,
I, 87
ff. |
1476 |
Cf. GAL, I,
56 ff.;
Suppl.,
I, 86 f. |
1477 |
Cf. 1:36,
above. |
1478 |
Cf. GAL, I,
84 f.;
Suppl., I,
134 ff. |
1479 |
Cf. GAL, I,
80; Suppl., I, 125 ff. |
1480 |
Cf.
GAL, I,
82; Suppl., I, 131 f. |
1481 |
Cf. GAL, 1,
89; Suppl., I,142 ff |
1482 |
Cf, pp. 341 and 366 f., above. |
1483 |
Lit., "to
weave on the loom." |
1484 |
The Arabic suffix (unless it should be
corrected to refer to "memorized material") has as its nearest
antecedent "external literal forms." However, Ibn Khaldun could
scarcely have meant it to refer to that. |
1485 |
Bulaq, Paris, and A read istinarah
"set afire," against istitharah in B, C, and D. |
1486 |
Through music, or rather, through all the stimulants
mentioned here. |
1487 |
Cf. 2:397 ff., above. |
1488 |
"Bath" and not "restfulness" (jamam),
as suggested by Bulaq, is confirmed by the MSS and by references to
the bath in Ibn Rashiq,' Umdah, I,
185 f. |
1489 |
This statement is derived from the
quotations in the 'Umdah, Ch. xxviii,
but is not there to be found as such. In general, the impression
prevails that Ibn Khaldun did not have a copy of the' Umdah
at hand when he wrote the Muqaddimah. Cf., in particular, p. 387
(n. 1502), below. |
1490 |
"Like it" is added by Bulaq. Cf. also
Bombaci, p. 470. For. Ibn Rashiq, see p. 338 (n. 1810), above. |
1491 |
The remainder of the sentence is added in
the margin of C and incorporated in the text of D. |
1492 |
Muwallad,
used as a technical term for persons of
mixed Arab and non-Arab parentage, is applied in literary criticism to
designate the early poets who were born after the coming of Islam, and,
more generally, all the older Islamic poets. |
1493 |
Cf. Ibn Rashiq, 'Umdah, I, 216. |
1494 |
Cf.
Bombaci, p. 470. |
1495 |
Ibrahim
b. Abi I-Fath, ca. 451 [1059/60] to 533 [1139]. Cf. GAL, I, 272;
Suppl., I, 480
f. Abu
Bakr is found in A and B, whereas the words are deleted in C and D.
According to a marginal note in Bulaq, its MSS seem to vacillate between
Abu Bakr and Abu Ishaq, the latter being the usual patronymic of Ibn
Khafajah. |
1496 |
Cf. p.
382, above. |
1497 |
Cf. p. 409, below. |
1498 |
Cf. R. Dozy in Journal asiatique, XIV6 (1869), 172 ff. |
1499 |
This and
the following sentence not in Bulaq. |
1500 |
Cf.
pp. 394
f., below. |
1501 |
Wa-yaghziru
(thus
vocalized) is added in C and D. Cf. Lane's ArabicEnglish
Dictionary, p. 2246a. |
1502 |
Actually,
the following poem is quoted in Ibn Rashiq, 'Umdah, II, 108
f., and there attributed to the same Nishi who wrote the very
similar poem quoted below, p. 389 (n. 1506). |
1503 |
Yatahalla,
as expressly indicated in C. The reading
yatahalla (cf. Ibn Rashiq, 'Umdah, loc. cit.) is possible
theoretically but not, apparently, intended here. The latter would
mean: "its beauty is revealed by those who recite it." |
1504 |
Ibn Rashiq reads 'lfta "you should
loathe." |
1504a |
However, since the idea expressed here is unusual and
does not agree with what the following poem says in connection with the
same topic, one may try this, admittedly difficult, rendering:
You should admit no consolation whatever.
You should cause
The tears that are stored up in (your)
eyes (to run) smoothly.
|
1505 |
Bulaq: "close to." |
1506 |
The name of the poet is added in C and D. According to Ibn Rashiq,
'Umdah,
he is identical with the author of the
preceding poem, the elder Nashi, Abul-'Abbas 'Abdallah b. Muhammad, who
died in 293 [905/61. Cf. GAL, 1,
123 f.; Suppl., I, 188. The verses
were quoted by an-Nashi in his book on poetry. Cf. al-Hugri,
Zahr al-adab (Cairo, 1293/1876), II, 249 f.; (Cairo, 1505/1887, in
the margin of Ibn 'Abdrabbih,
'Iqd), II,
240 f. Al-Husri has two verses not
found in our text and, in one place, has the verses in a different
order. Ibn Rashiq,
'Umdah, II, 109
f., has the same transposition
found in al-Husri but has no additional verses. He omits the fourth
verse and the last. In this connection, it should be noted that the
fourth, and the last six, verses were added in the margin of C and
incorporated in the text of D. |
1507 |
Wa-ra'abta.
Al-Hugri uses la'amta, with the
same meaning. |
1508 |
This verse, which is found only in C and D, seems to have
been read by Ibn Khaldun: wa-'amadta minhu
munajjidan man yqtdy, but man makes no sense and should, at
least, be corrected to ma. Al-Husri has wa-'ahidta minhu
li-kulli amrin yaqtadi:, which seems to be the correct text. |
1509 |
For shu'un and its use in the
meaning of "tear (ducts)," cf. J. M. Pefuela, "Die Goldene" des Ibn
al-Munasif (Rome, 1941), pp.
77 ft. |
1510 |
Instead of musta'manan, Ibn Rashiq
has mustay'isan (distorted in alHusri to mustasbiyan):
"In despair because of," which seems to be the better text. |
1511 |
Cf. R. Dozy in Journal asiatique, XIV6
(1869),
174. |
1512 |
The
difficult last verse is reproduced in a rather different, and apparently
quite meaningless, form in al-Husri,
and is not found in Ibn Rashiq. |
|
|